Low-Profile Penta-Band Automotive Patch Antenna Using Horizontal Stacking and Corner Feeding

Abstract

Connected cars with a multitude of frequency bands to be covered for the 4G and 5G mobile communication standards would benefit immensely from the low-profile and compact multi-band antenna designs. This paper considers the simulation, design, and measurement aspects for an innovative penta-band patch antenna that operates in the LTE-1800 uplink (1.71-1.78 GHz), LTE-1800 downlink (1.805-1.875 GHz), UMTS uplink (1.92-1.998 GHz), UMTS downlink (2.11-2.17 GHz), and LTE-2600 (2.5-2.69 GHz) frequency bands encompassing a total bandwidth of approximately 468 MHz, 261 MHz of which was covered with |S 11 | 2 < −10 dB and the remaining with |S 11 | 2 < −6 dB in the measurement. We achieved the multi-band behavior by simultaneous exploitation of the principles of horizontal stacking and corner feeding of the microstrip patch antennas. The maximum value of the measured realized gain, i.e., 5 dBi, was obtained for the LTE-2600 band, while its minimum value, i.e., −1.7 dBi, was obtained for the LTE-1800 downlink band. The measured realized gain was between 2 and 3 dBi at all other frequencies. A thickness of just 1.7 mm makes the antenna very low-profile, which, in addition to its compact dimensions (175 mm × 47 mm), makes it suitable for embedding/mounting in many promising locations around a car, such as in rooftop cavities, or in exterior plastic paneling.INDEX TERMS Automotive, conformal, corner-fed, low-profile, multiband, patch antenna, stacked patch antenna, wideband.

Design of Compact Self-Quintuplexing Antenna With High-Isolation for Penta-Band Applications

“…To accommodate multiple standards into a single system, multiple planar antennas are required, which not only increases the size of the wireless system but also leads to interference between the antennas. To mitigate this issue, the best solution for multi-standard applications is a singlefeed antenna with multiple resonances supporting various bands and effortlessly adapting to the shape of new communication systems due to their lightweight, small footprint, low cost, and easy manufacturing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In the literature, several design techniques have been demonstrated for quad-band operations [1][2][3], pentaband operations [4][5][6], and hexa-band operations [7].…”

“…To mitigate this issue, the best solution for multi-standard applications is a singlefeed antenna with multiple resonances supporting various bands and effortlessly adapting to the shape of new communication systems due to their lightweight, small footprint, low cost, and easy manufacturing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In the literature, several design techniques have been demonstrated for quad-band operations [1][2][3], pentaband operations [4][5][6], and hexa-band operations [7]. However, these architectures require external multiplexer circuits to select the frequency bands and need more space to be accommodated in the system.…”

A Compact Tri-Band Antenna Based on Inverted-L Stubs for Smart Devices

“…Some studies used asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed meander lines to ensure multiband operation, while avoiding the need for complex antenna geometries [8,9]. Defected ground structures (DGS) [10,11], stacked layers [12,13], parasitic elements [14,15], and metamaterials have also been employed to create multiband antennas [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Quintuple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Small Form Factor

“…Moreover, Albawri et al [19] attempted to enhance the gain and radiation pattern of the quadruple band metamaterial-based antenna for wireless communication. A low-profile horizontal patch stacked antenna with corresponding corner feeding for pentaband wireless applications is presented in Singh et al [20]. In Park et al [21], the authors successfully demonstrated a novel technique to reduce mutual coupling between two closely packed antennas.…”