Low prevalence of VHSV detected in round goby collected in offshore regions of Lake Ontario

Cornwell, Emily R.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Bowser, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2012.06.008

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Wild caught round gobies were used in this experiment because no disease free, cultured source of round gobies were available and we were interested in testing differences in this species in particular because of their high susceptibility to VHSV IVb, the observation that a high proportion of them are infected in the field (Cornwell et al 2012a), and their potential ability to spread VHSV (Cornwell et al 2012b). To reduce the possibility that any collected fish had been previously exposed to VHSV, we collected fish from a site where we have never detected VHSV, despite 5 consecutive years of surveillance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA extraction was performed for all samples using a MagMax magnetic bead extraction system and MagMax-96 viral RNA isolation kit (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California) using the protocols described in the kit and extraction program AM1836_DW_50_V2 (Cornwell et al, 2012b). Sample RNA quantity and quality was assessed using a NanoVue Plus spectrophotometer (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, New Jersey).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ), an invasive species of the Great Lakes originally from the Ponto-Caspian region, is particularly susceptible to VHSV and has experienced mass mortality events attributed to the virus (Groocock et al, 2007). Additionally, the round goby is potentially more responsible for the maintenance and spread of VHSV than others, and may be a better species to target for VSHV surveillance (Cornwell et al,2012b). In a recent study by Cornwell et al (2012a), the round goby was shown to carry higher median viral loads than yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ), implying that round gobies may be able to replicate greater levels of VHSV before showing clinical signs of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of an isolate to attach to the host has been shown to affect virulence (Brudseth et al, 2008); however the exact mechanism of external entry to the host is still unclear. Internally, VHSV targets the endothelial lining of blood vessels (Faisal et al, 2012), resulting in hemorrhages in locations such as the dermal, periocular, peritoneal, and visceral regions as well as the fin bases (Cornwell et al, 2012b). Other lesions associated with the virus include darkening of the skin, anemia resulting in gill and hepatic pallor, exophthalmia, and serous or serosanguineous abdominal ascites (Al-Hussinee et al, 2011; Cornwell et al, 2012b; Yasutake, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002

Imanse

Cornwell

Getchell

et al. 2014

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus first recognized in farmed rainbow trout in Denmark. In the past decade, a new genotype of this virus, IVb was discovered in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin and has caused several massive die-offs in some of the 28 species of susceptible North American freshwater fishes. Since its colonization of the Great Lakes, several closely related sequence types within genotype IVb have been reported, the two most common of which are vcG001 and vcG002. These sequence types have different spatial distributions in the Great Lakes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genotypic differences between representative vcG001 (isolate MI03) and vcG002 (isolate 2010-030 #91) isolates correspond to phenotypic differences in terms of virulence using both an in vitro and in vivo approach. In vitro infection of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), bluegill fry (BF-2), and Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells demonstrated some differences in onset and rate of growth in EPC and BF-2 cells, without any difference in the quantity of RNA produced. In vivo infection of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) via immersion exposure to different concentrations of vcG001 or vcG002 caused a significantly greater mortality in round gobies exposed to 102 plaque forming units ml−1 of vcG001. These experiments suggest that there are phenotypic differences between Great Lakes isolates of VHSV genotype IVb.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002

Imanse

Cornwell

Getchell

et al. 2014

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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“…Whether Great Lakes prey species such as Emerald Shiner, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, juvenile Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, and Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus may serve as freshwater reservoirs for VHSV IVb, just as Pacific Herring Clupea pallasi serve as a marine reservoir for VHSV Iva, is yet to be determined (Hershberger et al 1999). Cornwell et al (2012b) showed that Round Goby overwintering in the deep waters of Lake Ontario were infected at a low prevalence level and may serve to reintroduce the virus to inshore waters each spring.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Transmission of VHSV Genotype IVb by Predation

et al. 2013

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Preliminary surveillance of wild baitfish during the 2006 viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVb (VHSV IVb) outbreaks indicated Emerald Shiners Notropis atherinoides and Bluntnose Minnow Pimephales notatus were infected with high levels of VHSV without showing clinical signs of disease. The movement and use of baitfish was recognized as the most probable vector for the introduction of VHSV to inland waters, such as Conesus Lake and Skaneateles Lake in New York, Budd Lake in Michigan, and Little Lake Butte des Morts and Lake Winnebago in Wisconsin. While numerous government agencies implemented restrictions to stop the movement of potentially infected baitfish into new waters and prevent the spread of VHSV IVb, until now, studies to investigate whether these initial introductions were by an oral route of infection have not occurred. Our studies identified infected Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas as suitable vectors for transmitting VHSV IVb when fed to Tiger Muskellunge ( ♂ Northern Pike Esox lucius × ♀ Muskellunge Esox masquinongy) during laboratory trials. Six of 16 Tiger Muskellunge were infected with VHSV IVb after consumption of infected Fathead Minnows when assayed with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation in cell culture. Weekly sampling of water and feces from these Tiger Muskellunge individually reared showed intermittent shedding of VHSV IVb. Those exposed to similarly VHSV IVb-inoculated fathead minnows by cohabitation only became infected in 1 case out of 16. A similar trial of 12 Tiger Muskellunge fed Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus that survived a VHSV IVb immersion challenge did not result in infection. Overall, our findings imply that consumption of infected wild baitfish may be a risk factor for introduction of VHSV.

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Evolutionary trajectory of fishPiscine novirhabdovirus(=Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) across its Laurentian Great Lakes history: Spatial and temporal diversification

Stepien

Niner

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Piscine novirhabdovirus = Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) first appeared in the Laurentian Great Lakes with large outbreaks from 2005 to 2006, as a new and novel RNA rhabdovirus subgenogroup (IVb) that killed >30 fish species. Interlude periods punctuated smaller more localized outbreaks in 2007, 2010, and 2017, although some fishes tested positive in the intervals. There have not been reports of outbreaks or positives from 2018, 2019, or 2020. Here, we employ a combined population genetics and phylogenetic approach to evaluate spatial and temporal evolutionary trajectory on its G‐gene sequence variation, in comparison with whole‐genome sequences (11,083 bp) from a subset of 44 individual isolates (including 40 newly sequenced ones). Our results show that IVb (N = 184 individual fish isolates) diversified into 36 G‐gene haplotypes from 2003 to 2017, stemming from two originals (“a” and “b”). G‐gene haplotypes “a” and “b” differed by just one synonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) substitution, remained the most abundant until 2011, then disappeared. Group “a” descendants (14 haplotypes) remained most prevalent in the Upper and Central Great Lakes, with eight (51%) having nonsynonymous substitutions. Group “b” descendants primarily have occurred in the Lower Great Lakes, including 22 haplotypes, of which 15 (68%) contained nonsynonymous changes. Evolutionary patterns of the whole‐genome sequences (which had 34 haplotypes among 44 isolates) appear congruent with those from the G‐gene. Virus populations significantly diverged among the Upper, Central, and Lower Great Lakes, diversifying over time. Spatial divergence was apparent in the overall patterns of nucleotide substitutions, while amino acid changes increased temporally. VHSV‐IVb thus significantly differentiated across its less than two decades in the Great Lakes, accompanied by declining outbreaks and virulence. Continuing diversification likely allowed the virus to persist at low levels in resident fish populations, and may facilitate its potential for further and future spread to new habitats and nonacclimated hosts.

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Low prevalence of VHSV detected in round goby collected in offshore regions of Lake Ontario

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002

In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002

Experimental Transmission of VHSV Genotype IVb by Predation

Evolutionary trajectory of fishPiscine novirhabdovirus(=Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) across its Laurentian Great Lakes history: Spatial and temporal diversification

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