Low-Pressure Hydrocracking of Wax over Pt/SiO2–Al2O3to Produce Kerosene for Synthetic Jet Fuel

Link, Felix; Ahad, Nuvaid; Klerk, Arno de

doi:10.1021/bk-2021-1379.ch012

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…36 For the process shown in Figure 4, the intent is to operate at even lower pressure to exploit the unique metal catalysis of Pt in a Pt on acidic silica-alumina hydrocracking catalyst. 37,38 Although the intended change in hydrocracker operation does not affect the description of the refining pathway, the kerosene range product from lower pressure operation includes a higher concentration of cycloalkanes in the kerosene.…”

Section: Greenfield Global Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable aviation fuel: Pathways to fully formulated synthetic jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Klerk

Chauhan

Halmenschlager

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Fully formulated synthetic jet fuel is an aviation turbine fuel that does not contain petroleum‐derived kerosene and comprises the hydrocarbon compound classes n‐alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. When the aim is to produce sustainable aviation fuel, one potential process pathway is by indirect liquefaction via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Fischer–Tropsch synthesised paraffinic kerosene plus aromatics (FT SPK/A) is a product that is fully formulated and can in principle be qualified as Jet A‐1. The synthetic jet fuel must ultimately meet all of the Jet A‐1 specifications. However, there are still hurdles on the path toward global approval of fully formulated synthetic jet fuel. In this study, several different refining pathways are shown that can be employed to produce FT SPK/A. The refining pathways have the desirable attribute of being generally useful and not limited to a specific refining technology. A case study is also presented in which FT SPK/A was produced, characterised and compared to Jet A‐1 specification requirements. It illustrated that it was practical to produce a fully formulated jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch refining.

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Section: Greenfield Global Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable aviation fuel: Pathways to fully formulated synthetic jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Klerk

Chauhan

Halmenschlager

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EL is usually synthesized by esterification of LA with ethanol (EtOH) in the presence of a catalyst, 8 and homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts promote this reaction. Commonly used homogeneous catalysts are mineral acids such as sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid, but they have disadvantages of not being reusable, difficulty in separation from the solution, 9 and hazardous and high cost. 2 Therefore, many researchers tried to develop and apply heterogeneous acid catalysts, namely solid acid catalysts, including sulfonated lignin-based carbon catalysts, 10 sulfonic acid-functionalized silica, 11,12 and Amberlyst-15 13 for the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%