Low powered, tunable and ultra-light aerographite sensor for climate relevant gas monitoring

Lupan, Oleg; Postica, Vasile; Mecklenburg, Matthias; Schulte, K.; Mishra, Yogendra Kumar; Fiedler, Bodo; Adelung, Rainer

doi:10.1039/c6ta05347e

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The following gases and vapors were used for the investigation of sensing properties of the fabricated devices: hydrogen gas (H 2 ), methane gas (CH 4 ), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), acetone (CH 3 COCH 3 ), and ammonia (NH 3 ) vapors. More details on the gas sensing measurements are presented in our recent works . All electrical measurements were performed using a Keithley 2400 source meter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZnAl₂O₄‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

Hoppe

Lupan

Postica

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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In this work, a simple method of ZnAl2O4‐functionalization of ZnO microstructures is presented. The different characterization methods (structural, chemical, and micro‐Raman) demonstrated the presence of only ZnO and ZnAl2O4 crystalline phases. ZnAl2O4 nano‐crystallites grow on the surfaces of ZnO 3D microstructures having diameters of 50–100 nm and with high density. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM) results clearly show ZnAl2O4 crystallites functionalizing zinc oxide tetrapod arms. The individual structures (microwires (MWs) and three‐dimensional (3D) tetrapods (Ts)) are integrated into functional devices, suitable for gas sensing applications. All devices show excellent hydrogen gas selectivity at relatively low operating temperature in the range of 25–100 °C. The highest gas sensing performances are obtained based on individual ZnAl2O4‐functionalized ZnO tetrapods (ZnAl2O4/ZnO‐T, with an arm diameter (D) of ≈400 nm) and a response of ≈2 at 25 °C to 100 ppm of hydrogen gas (H2), while a ZnAl2O4/ZnO‐MW (D ≈ 400 nm) shows only a response of ≈1.1. The Al‐doped ZnO MW (D ≈ 400 nm) without ZnAl2O4 elaborated in another work, chosen only for comparison reason, shows no response up to 800 ppm H2 gas concentration. A gas sensing mechanism is proposed for a single ZnAl2O4/ZnO‐T microstructure based sensor. The obtained results on ZnAl2O4/ZnO‐T‐based devices is superior to many reported performances of other individual metal oxide nanostructures with much lower diameter, showing promising results for room temperature H2 gas sensing applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details on the gas sensing measurements are presented in our recent works. [32,33] All electrical measurements were performed using a Keithley 2400 source meter. The gas response was defined as the ratio of current under exposure to tested gas and in air (S gas ¼ I gas /I air ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnAl₂O₄‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

Hoppe

Lupan

Postica

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…Aerographite is suitable for a wide range of applications, such as supercapacitor [11], base for the growth of nerve cells [12], gas sensor [13,14], or as filler in polymer nanocomposites [15][16][17]. For an optimum and homogeneous synthesis of carbon nanostructures in the CVD process, the analysis of the temperature and flow behavior is an essential component to analogous experimental studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Manufacturing of a Highly Porous 3D Carbon Foam

et al. 2019

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Aerographite is a three-dimensional carbon foam with a tetrapodal morphology. The manufacturing of aerographite is carried out in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, based on a zinc oxide (ZnO) template, in which the morphology is replicated into a hollow carbon shell. During the replication process, the template is reduced by the simultaneous formation of the carbon structure. The CVD process is one of the most efficient methods for the manufacturing of various carbon nanostructures, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Based on the growth mechanism of aerographite, a computational fluid dynamics model is presented for the fundamental investigations of the temperature and flow/microflow behavior during the replication process. This allows a deeper process understanding and further optimizations.

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“…), semiconductor oxides (ZnO, SnO 2 , etc. ), organic molecules and polymers, which are excellent candidates for developing new bottom‐up technologies and were used in such fields like gas sensors, optoelectronics, photodetectors, biosensors, etc . The main advantage of these structures is their high surface‐to‐volume ratio, which makes them ultrasensitive to different gaseous and biological species and gives the possibility for efficient detection at room temperature using self‐heating effects induced by a change in the applied bias voltage …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schottky Diode Based on a Single Carbon–Nanotube–ZnO Hybrid Tetrapod for Selective Sensing Applications

Postica

Schütt

Adelung

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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In this work, a general strategy to change the selectivity of individual ZnO tetrapod (ZnO‐T)‐Schottky diode‐based devices by hybridization with carbon nanotubes (CNT) is presented. A microscale Schottky diode based on Pt‐nanocontacts to a single ZnO‐T covered/hybridized with CNT, designated as ZnO‐T−CNT, is fabricated and the temperature‐dependent UV and gas sensing properties are investigated. The gas sensing investigations indicate that due to the presence of CNTs on the surface of the ZnO‐T a higher NH3 response (factor of ≈90) at room temperature is observed, compared to H2 gas response (≈14). This effect is attributed to the excellent charge transfer between the CNTs and ZnO‐T as well as NH3 molecule adsorption on the surface of the CNTs, which can efficiently reduce the Schottky barrier height. By increasing the operating temperature up to 150 °C (starting from 50 °C) the NH3 response is considerably reduced, leading to an excellent H2 gas selectivity. In the case of H2 gas, an increase in temperature up to 150 °C shows a considerably increase in gas response of about 140 (≈10 times). Thus, this device offers the possibility to be used for selective detection of NH3 and H2 by only changing the operating temperature. Furthermore, by using the developed strategy/approach other materials can be used for the fabrication of gas sensors with selectivity to other gases.

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Low powered, tunable and ultra-light aerographite sensor for climate relevant gas monitoring

Abstract: We report on a low-powered ultra-light sensor based on a 3-D-microtube network from a 2-D graphene/nanographite, called aerographite.

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

ZnAl₂O₄‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

ZnAl₂O₄‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Manufacturing of a Highly Porous 3D Carbon Foam

Schottky Diode Based on a Single Carbon–Nanotube–ZnO Hybrid Tetrapod for Selective Sensing Applications

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Low powered, tunable and ultra-light aerographite sensor for climate relevant gas monitoring

Abstract: We report on a low-powered ultra-light sensor based on a 3-D-microtube network from a 2-D graphene/nanographite, called aerographite.

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

ZnAl2O4‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

ZnAl2O4‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Manufacturing of a Highly Porous 3D Carbon Foam

Schottky Diode Based on a Single Carbon–Nanotube–ZnO Hybrid Tetrapod for Selective Sensing Applications

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Product

Resources

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ZnAl₂O₄‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications

ZnAl₂O₄‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Microstructures for Highly Selective Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications