Low-Power Inversion Recovery MRI Preserves Brain Tissue Contrast for Patients with Parkinson Disease with Deep Brain Stimulators

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Fast spin-echo short inversion recovery sequences have been very useful for MR imaging-guided deep brain stimulation procedures in Parkinson disease. However, high-quality fast spin-echo imaging deposits significant heat, exceeding FDA-approved limits when patients already have undergone deep brain stimulation and need a second one or a routine brain MR imaging for neurologic indications. We have developed a STIR sequence with an ultra-low specific absorption rate that meets hardware limitations and produces adequate tissue contrast in cortical and subcortical brain tissues for deep brain stimulation recipients.

Imaging of Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus Using 1.5T MRI for Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting in Refractory Epilepsy

“…The STIR sequence displays an additive effect of T1‐ and T2‐ prolongation or shortening on the signal intensity, which increases the contrast between subtle structures or between lesion and surrounding tissue (compare spin echo based sequences where T1‐ and T2‐changes in the same direction counteract each other). The feasibility of STIR sequence in postoperative evaluation of DBS lead location in Parkinson's disease has been advocated . The significance of pre‐ and postoperative imaging in optimization of ANT‐DBS therapy was suggested recently .…”

Targeting the unfolded protein response for disease intervention

“…Importantly; trehalose administration has a potent neuroprotective effect in preclinical models of several neurodegenerative diseases through oral delivery. For example, trehalose protects against experimental HD [93], ALS [94,95], Parkinson [96] and tauopathies [97], among other conditions [18,85]. However, only a few studies have correlated the impact on protein aggregation and protection of chemical chaperones with the attenuation of ER stress levels after their administration in vivo (see examples in [43,[88][89][90]92]).…”

“…Many insects, plants, fungi and bacteria [94][95][96][97] Inhibition of protein degradation Bortezomib Dipeptide…”

Low Power MRI Techniques for Neurosurgical Planning and Post-surgical Assessment of Deep Brain Stimulators in Patients with Medically Refractory Parkinson’s Disease or Dystonia

“…Low RF power MRIthat we have developed can minimize the potential for RF heating although it cannot completely eliminate a nominal amount of heating [15][16][17].There is controversy about the iron composition and MRI contrast of deep brain nuclei as studied on a small patient population [19] and by other researchers. Producing adequate MRI tissue contrast for various neurosurgical targets is substantially challenging for low or high power MRI and robust MRI sequences need to be developed.…”

“…We have developed a comprehensive brain MRI protocol utilizing both 2D and 3D MRI pulse sequences [15][16][17]…”