Low-power compact 2/spl times/2 thermooptic silica-on-silicon waveguide switch with fast response

Nano-opto-electro-mechanical switch based on a four-waveguide directional coupler

“…The performance of switches highly depends on the switching method they employ. The approaches reported in the literature rely on different physical mechanisms, e.g, gain tuning [1][2][3][4], thermal tuning [5][6][7], electro-optical tuning [8][9][10], acousto-optic deflection [10,11], micro/nano mechanical actuation [12][13][14][15][16]. However, each of these approaches has some shortcomings.…”

A New Structure of Mmi Polymer Thermo-Optic Switch With a High Refractive Index Contrast

“…The birefringence values has been obtained by calculating the effective TE 0 and TM 0 indices for various waveguide width (W ) and thickness (h co ) by using 3D Mode Solver BeamPROP, and noting that smallest absolute value of a birefringence occurs at the width of 2.5 µm and thickness of 1 µm, a birefringence is 7 × 10 −6 . Typically, symmetric waveguide structures consisting of a square waveguide core surrounded by a uniform cladding region are used to ensure polarization independent propagation [19][20][21]. While these buried core waveguides achieve polarization independent through symmetry in their geometry, the design in Figure 1(c) uses a combination of geometry, etching and refractive index contrast to achieve the same effect.…”

Integrated polymer optoelectronic time delay device for an x-band phased array antenna system

“…Thus, a TIR optical switch can be formed if a heater is set at the crossing point of a symmetric X junction. 17,18,19 Compared with various TO switch configurations, such as a digital optical switch (DOS) 20 , a MachZehnder interferometer (MZI) switch 21 , or a directional coupler switch 22 , TIR switches have a significant advantage in their broad optical bandwidth (or equivalently, their wavelength insensitivity). Fig 6 shows the schematic diagram of a 2 x 2 TO TIR switch.…”