Low platelet MAO activity associated with high dysfunctional impulsivity and antisocial behavior: evidence from drunk drivers

Eensoo, Diva; Paaver, Marika; Pulver, Aleksander; Harro, Maarike; Harro, Jaanus

doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1664-y

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We have shown previously, accounting for smoking, that police-referred drunk drivers had lower platelet MAO activity and higher dysfunctional impulsivity compared to controls (Eensoo et al 2004) and that platelet MAO activity and impulsivity are significant independent predictors of drunk driving (Eensoo et al 2005). In the present study, we have analysed the adaptive and maladaptive aspects of impulsivity and platelet MAO activity in subjects caught by the police with different traffic violations, drunk drivers and speed limit exceeders, in comparison to drivers with clean traffic police records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Platelet MAO activity is proposed to be a marker of several behavioural and psychiatric problems, including impulsive behavioural tendencies, vulnerability to alcohol abuse and antisocial behaviour (Oreland 2004), but the results are contradictory. Smoking reduces MAO activity in a dose-related manner (Whitfield et al 2000;Eensoo et al 2004), and among the groups where the association of impulsivity and platelet MAO activity has been found (criminals, children with deviant behaviour disorders, alcoholics, etc. ), the frequency of smoking is higher than in general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and risk-admitting in different types of risky drivers

et al. 2006

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This study demonstrates different expressions of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity in behaviour. While platelet MAO activity is lower in alcohol-related risky behaviour, non-alcohol-related self-acknowledged risky behaviour is related to higher platelet MAO activity. Thus, deviance towards lower as well as higher end of central serotonergic functioning may lead to impulsive behaviour. While self-reported impulsivity did not correlate with MAO activity, both MAO activity and impulsivity were related to risky behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and risk-admitting in different types of risky drivers

et al. 2006

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“…In addition, low MAO activity has been found statistically associated with such offence-related behaviours as impulsiveness (Manuck et al 2000), general aggression (Manuck et al 2000), and driving while drunk (Eensoo et al 2004). …”

Section: Monoamine Oxidasementioning

confidence: 99%

A Theory Explaining Biological Correlates of Criminality

Ellis

2005

European Journal of Criminology

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Despite major advances in understanding the biological basis of human behaviour, the most popular theories of criminal behaviour remain restricted to those that consider only learning and social environmental variables. All of these strictly environmental theories have difficulty explaining why neurological, hormonal, and other biological factors would be related to criminal behaviour, yet evidence for links between such biological factors and criminality has grown. This article puts forward a theory that takes account of biological as well as environmental factors, and predicts that variables such as age, gender and social status will be associated with offending probabilities. It is argued that male sex hormones operating on the human brain increase the probability of competitive/victimizing behaviour. This type of behaviour (or behavioural tendency) is hypothesized to exist along a continuum, with ‘crude’ (criminal) forms at one end and ‘sophisticated’ (commercial) forms at the other. Individuals with the greatest capacities to learn and plan will move rapidly after puberty from criminal to non-criminal forms of competitive/victimizing behaviour. The theory predicts among other things that serious criminality will be concentrated in adolescent and young adult males of low social status. Evidence is reviewed on links between criminality and various biological variables, including testosterone, mesomorphy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, hypoglycemia, epilepsy, altered heart rate and skin conductivity, cortisol, serotonin, monoamine oxidase, and certain brainwave patterns.

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“…Neurobiological bases of alcohol addiction viduals in consideration report no changes of MAO activity in alcoholic patients, others report on such differences 85,86 . One of many explanations is that study populations were not homogeneous, as the authors in most cases did not divide patients into alcoholic subtypes.…”

Section: Platelet Mao-b and Alcohol Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Bases of Alcohol Addiction

Matošić¹,

Marušić²,

Vidrih³

et al. 2016

ACC

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SUMMARY -Alcohol addiction is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder according to both phenotype and etiology. Difference in phenotype characteristics manifests in the manner the addiction arises, history of the alcoholic and history of drinking, comorbid disorders, and the phenomenon of abstinence difficulties. Concerning the etiology of alcoholism, the disease itself is considered to be a consequence of an interactive influence of the environment and genetic factors. Numerous researches conducted in the last decades discovered many aspects of the biochemical, cell and molecular bases of alcohol addiction, leading to a conclusion that alcoholism is, like many other addictions, a brain disease. By recognizing alcoholism as a disease which basically implies changes of the neurobiological mechanisms, as well as a clear genetic basis, it was supposed that the disease, having its basis solely in the symptomatology, is essentially heterogeneous. By trying to solve the problem of a clinically heterogeneous nature of the disease during the last fifty years, various sub-classifications of such patients have been suggested. According to Cloninger, subtypes of alcoholism differ also according to changes in the brain neurotransmission systems, i.e. it is supposed that patients suffering from alcoholism type 1 have a more pronounced dopaminergic transmission deficit, while dopaminergic transmission is not disturbed significantly in patients diagnosed with alcoholism type 2, who, however, have a significant lack of serotonergic transmission. In such a way, Cloninger actually presented the basis of the so-called neurobiological alcoholism model. Since he has connected differences in neurotransmission with differences in personality characteristics, this model is also known as the psychobiological model of alcoholism. The characteristic of alcoholism type 1 is avoiding damage (Harm Avoidance, HA) decreased dopamine transmission and increased serotonin transmission, while the significant characteristic of alcoholism type 2 is seeking for excitement (Novelty Seeking, NS), unchanged dopamine transmission and decreased serotonin transmission. These neurochemical differences among alcoholism subtypes represent the basis for a different therapy approach. Intake of alcohol changes different gene expression in the human brain. The inheritance model of alcoholism is not fully explained, however, it is considered that the disease is connected to a larger gene number included in neurotransmission, cell mechanisms and general metabolic function, with a simultaneous influence of the environment. The contribution of genetic factors is stronger in certain types of alcoholism and thus we have been confronted in the last years of alcoholism research with studies researching the connections of some alcoholism subtypes with the polymorphism phenomenon in the genes coding the synaptic proteins included in the alcoholism etiology. The primary role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain is catalysis of deamination of the oxidative neurotransmitter a...

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Low platelet MAO activity associated with high dysfunctional impulsivity and antisocial behavior: evidence from drunk drivers

Abstract: These findings demonstrate that platelet MAO activity is lower in subjects with socially deviant behavior, and the association of low platelet MAO and problem drinking is not an artifact of smoking.

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and risk-admitting in different types of risky drivers

Adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and risk-admitting in different types of risky drivers

A Theory Explaining Biological Correlates of Criminality

Neurobiological Bases of Alcohol Addiction

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