Low‐phosphorus maleic acid and sodium ρ‐styrenesulfonate copolymer as calcium carbonate scale inhibitor

Abstract

In this article, a multifunctional and environment-friendly agent for industry circulation cooling water, maleic acid and sodium q-styrenesulfonate copolymer containing low-phosphorus was synthesized in aqueous solution with hypophosphorous acid/hydrogen peroxide as redox initiators. The effects of monomer feed ratio, temperature, dose of hypophosphorous acid, and drop speed of hydrogen peroxide on calcium carbonate inhibition were investigated, and the experimental conditions were optimized using orthogonal method. The composition and structure of the copolymer were analyzed by enery-dispersive X-ray analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the static scale inhibition tests showed that the copolymer was effective in inhibiting the formation of calcium carbonate scale. The calcium carbonate precipitates formed in the static tests were examined by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra. The results indicate that in the presence of the copolymer the calcium carbonate precipitate is the mixture of calcite and vaterite that could be stabilized kinetically in the presence of the copolymer.

Performance of inhibitors on CaCO3 scale deposition in stainless steel & copper pipe surface

“…High levels of phosphonates are becoming increasingly restricted in terms of release to the environment. As a result phosphorous free and less toxic scale inhibitors such as polyacrylates and derivatives of polycarboxylic acid and various maleic and sulfonic acid homo-and co-polymers are gaining importance [10][11][12][13]. Anti-scalants based on polycarboxylic acid also have the additional advantage of having dispersion properties with regard to calcium carbonate.…”

Potential kinetic model for scaling and scale inhibition mechanism

“…To mitigate the problem of mineral scaling, chemicals and antiscalants including but not limited to polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polymaleic anhydride, and polyphosphates are widely used [5,6]. A large number of antiscalants are commercially available and new formulations are continuously being developed and tested for a variety of scaling species.…”

“…To mitigate the problem of mineral scaling, chemicals and antiscalants are widely used [5,22,23]. With antiscalant addition, scale inhibition occurs by disrupting one or more aspects of the crystallization process.…”

Application and evaluation of novel acrylic based CaSO4 inhibitors for pipes

“…High levels of phosphonates are becoming increasingly restricted in terms of release to the environment. Another class of the current inhibitors is polycarboxylate, which has a low calcium tolerance and will react with calcium ions to form insoluble calcium-polymer salts [12]. As a result phosphorous free and less toxic scale inhibitors such as polyacrylates and derivatives and various maleic and sulfonic acid homo-and co-polymers are gaining importance [13,14].…”