Low phonon energies and wideband optical windows of La2O3-Ga2O3 glasses prepared using an aerodynamic levitation technique

Yoshimoto, Kohei; Masuno, Atsunobu; Ueda, Motoi; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Kawashima, Tastunori

doi:10.1038/srep45600

Cited by 93 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It was reported that the glass‐forming regions of the x BaO‐(100 − x )Ga 2 O 3 binary system are very narrow about 65 ≤ x ≤ 67 by the conventional melting and quenching method. The glass‐forming region of x La 2 O 3 ‐(100 − x )Ga 2 O 3 by a containerless processing has been reported in the range of 20 ≤ x ≤ 57 . As shown in Figure , the glass‐forming region of x BaO‐(100 − x )Ga 2 O 3 were slightly wider using a containerless processing and the glass formation was realized in the region connecting the glass‐forming regions of BaO‐Ga 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 ‐Ga 2 O 3 binary systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The cut‐off wavelength of the A‐45‐00 glass was much longer than those of typical oxide glasses such as silicate and borate, slightly longer than those of heavy metal gallate glasses (8 μm for PbO‐Bi 2 O 3 ‐Ga 2 O 3 and 7.5 μm for K 2 O‐Ta 2 O 5 ‐Ga 2 O 3 glasses). The transparent range of A‐45‐00 glass was from 273 nm to 10.3 μm, and it indicates that A‐45‐00 glass is the widest transparent window among the oxide glasses . Since the absorption in the IR range is caused by phonons, the extraordinarily wide transparency range in A‐45‐00 glass should be due to the fact that the glass contained neither traditional network former oxides with high phonon frequencies nor heavy metal oxides with small optical energy gaps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glass-forming region of xLa 2 O 3 -(100 − x)Ga 2 O 3 by a containerless processing has been reported in the range of 20 ≤ x ≤ 57. 5 As shown in Figure 1, the glass-forming region of xBaO-(100 − x)Ga 2 O 3 were slightly wider using a containerless processing and the glass formation was realized in the region connecting the glass-forming regions of BaO-Ga 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 binary systems. The properties of BaO-Ga 2 O 3 binary glasses could not be analyzed due to their low resistance against water.…”

Section: Physical and Optical Properties Ofmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For these reasons, both BaO and La 2 O 3 are very important components for the optical glasses and many commercial optical glasses are containing these oxides. Ga 2 O 3 -based glasses, have attracted attention for the new optical materials because they possess good IR transparency 5 and high refractive index 4,6 compared to the silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses. For examples, 55La 2 O 3 -45Ga 2 O 3 glasses were transparent over a very wide range from 270 nm to 10 μm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For examples, 55La 2 O 3 -45Ga 2 O 3 glasses were transparent over a very wide range from 270 nm to 10 μm. 5 In addition, some gallate glasses containing heavy metal such as PbO, Nb 2 O 5 , and Ta 2 O 5 have very high refractive indices (n d > 2). 4,6 Therefore, it will be very interesting that the study about the glass-forming region and optical properties of BaO-La 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel gallate‐based oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with wide transparency, high refractive indices, and low dispersions

et al. 2019

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The glass‐forming region of a BaO‐La2O3‐Ga2O3 ternary system was confirmed and BaF2‐BaO‐La2O3‐Ga2O3 new oxyfluoride glasses were prepared by a containerless processing. We also analyzed the physical, thermal, and optical properties of new oxide and oxyfluoride glasses. The direct effects of the substitution of oxygen by fluorine and the effect of BaO and La2O3 on the refractive index and Abbe number were discussed on the basis of electronic polarizability and resonance wavelength of oscillator. The refractive indices increased with increasing La2O3 concentration because La2O3 increased the electronic polarizabilities. Abbe number increased with increasing BaO and fluorine concentration because of the decrease in resonance wavelength of oscillator. By the combination of the BaO, La2O3, and fluorine in the gallate glass system, we could obtain novel oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with high refractive index (1.81‐1.95) and high Abbe number (31‐55). The absorption edge in UV region shifted to the shorter wavelength and IR cut‐off wavelength shifted to the longer wavelength with increasing fluorine. Therefore, wide transparent glass was obtained from 262 nm to 11.3 μm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical and Optical Properties Ofmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel gallate‐based oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with wide transparency, high refractive indices, and low dispersions

et al. 2019

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2.7 µm Mid‐Infrared Emission in Highly Erbium‐Doped Lanthanum Gallate Glasses Prepared Via an Aerodynamic Levitation Technique

Yoshimoto

Ezura

Ueda

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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with regions associated with strong water absorption. [1][2][3][4] However, because the energy gap between the 4 I 13/2 and the 4 I 11/2 levels is as small as ≈3700 cm −1 , the 2.7 µm emission has rarely been attained from Er 3+ -doped oxide glasses because of their large multiphonon relaxation rates, short intrinsic IR cut-off wavelengths, and strong absorptions of OH − groups. In this regard, fluoride glasses are candidate host materials for MIR emission from Er 3+ because of their low-phonon energy, good solubility of rare-earth ions, and low OH − absorptions. [5][6][7][8] However, their troublesome fabrication process, poor chemical durability, and low mechanical and thermal resistivity are serious problems for practical applications as a bulk form and for scaling up the output power. Furthermore, because the upper 4 I 11/2 level has a shorter lifetime than the lower 4 I 13/2 level, the 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 transition in Er 3+ is a self-terminating process; consequently, achieving population inversion between these two levels for laser operation is generally difficult. Utilizing a cooperative energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) among the 4 I 13/2 level by increasing the Er 3+ concentration is a well-known approach to promoting population inversion between the 4 I 11/2 and the 4 I 13/2 levels. [9] Upon excitation at ≈980 nm, the following ground-state absorption and excited-state absorption processes are possible within a single Er 3+ ion: 4 I 15/2 + hν (≈980 nm) → 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 11/2 + hν (≈980 nm) → 4 F 7/2 . In addition, at high Er 3+ concentrations and high excitation power density, two or more neighboring Er 3+ ions are excited simultaneously by pump photons and the following ETU processes can occur (Figure 1): 4 I 13/2 + 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 9/2 + 4 I 15/2 and 4 I 11/2 + 4 I 11/2 → 4 F 7/2 + 4 I 15/2 (hereafter denoted as ETU1 and ETU2, respectively). ETU1 depopulates the 4 I 13/2 level and further repopulates the 4 I 11/2 level through fast multiphonon relaxation from the 4 I 9/2 level; this process results in energy reutilization from 4 I 13/2 to 4 I 11/2 and promotes population inversion between these levels.Although several oxide glasses with relatively low-phonon energies, including tellurite, [10] germinate, [11,12] and heavy-metal oxide glasses, [13,14] have been investigated as hosts for 2.7 µm emission, their doping concentrations of Er 2 O 3 are limited to a few mol%, which is inadequate for efficient 2.7 µm operation. In oxide glasses, achieving efficient MIR emission by increasing the Er 3+ concentration has proven difficult because, Highly Er 3+ -doped La 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 glasses up to ≈5.85 × 10 21 cm −3 in Er 3+ concentration are synthesized by an aerodynamic levitation technique. The glasses are characterized by high glass-transition temperatures, low OH − absorptions, and long infrared cut-off wavelengths. Judd-Ofelt analysis reveals a large radiative transition rate and a high branching ratio of the 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 transition, e.g., 46 s −1 and 21%, respectively, at 10 mol% Er 2 O 3 . The ...

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Defect Engineering of Nanocrystal‐In‐Glass Composites for Ultrashort Optical Pulse Monitoring

Lin,

Feng

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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The rational control of intrinsic defects in materials can significantly enhance their scientific and technological potentials, but it remains a long‐standing challenge in nanocrystal‐in‐glass composites (NGCs). Herein, a defect engineering strategy mediated by the mixed alkali effect is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for NGCs. Interestingly, the hybridization of large alkali ions can effectively increase the barrier of Li+ migration and reduce the Li‐related defects in LiNbO3 NGC. As a result, a novel LiNbO3 NGC with greatly reduced Li‐related defects, high crystallinity of over 60%, and excellent optical transmission are successfully fabricated. This unique NGC configuration facilitates efficient transverse second harmonic generation (TSHG) in a broad wavelength region. Based on the above effects, a standard TSHG device is fabricated and implemented to monitor ultrashort optical pulses with duration in the order of ≈10−13 s over a broad wavelength region, down to 780 nm. The proposed strategy not only provides a new idea for defect engineering in materials science but also has great significance for boosting the practical applications of NGCs in ultrashort optical pulse monitoring.

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Low phonon energies and wideband optical windows of La2O3-Ga2O3 glasses prepared using an aerodynamic levitation technique

Cited by 93 publications

References 38 publications

Novel gallate‐based oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with wide transparency, high refractive indices, and low dispersions

Novel gallate‐based oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with wide transparency, high refractive indices, and low dispersions

2.7 µm Mid‐Infrared Emission in Highly Erbium‐Doped Lanthanum Gallate Glasses Prepared Via an Aerodynamic Levitation Technique

Defect Engineering of Nanocrystal‐In‐Glass Composites for Ultrashort Optical Pulse Monitoring

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