Low phase noise design of microwave oscillators (invited article)

Abstract

Time domain methods for numerical nonlinear analysis of the steady state solution as well as the spectral behavior of microwave oscillators are discussed. In addition, a method to minimize the phase noise of oscillators by numerical optimization is outlined and applied to the design of a low phase noise oscillator. Computer simulations are compared with measurement results of the fabricated oscillators. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A Novel Noise Analysis Method in Microwave Oscillators Based on Harmonic Balance

“…There is no limit in circuit topology, number of nonlinearities or noise spectral distribution. The method is applied to a MESFET oscillator and the results are compared to the measurements made by Anzill et al [6] ANALYSIS Resorting to general harmonic balance equation the steady state values for the frequency and harmonic levels can be obtained by the resolution of the characteristic equation (1) [7]. F(V,coo)= 0 (1) Considering N ports and H harmonics the voltage at the m th port ofthe circuit can be expressed as:…”

“…As an example the output spectrum of a 14 GHz multiport oscillator using NEC710 transistor, described in the reference [ 6 ] has been analyzed by this method. A number of nine noise sources have been considered at different ports.…”

“…A number of nine noise sources have been considered at different ports. Figure 1 shows the comparison of this result by measurements made by [6 ]. As depicted relatively reasonable accordance is observed here.…”

“…In this method near to carrier noise by modulation and far from carrier noise by conversion are calculated separately. In a recent time domain method Langevin equations have been resolved for noise calculations and very good accordance with measurement has been obtained [6]. A problem in this method is the integration of distributed elements and the relative long calculation time which is required.…”

On the additivity of generation-recombination spectra Part 3: The McWhorter model for 1/f noise in MOSFETs

“…By using special advanced techniques, 1/f noise has been observed at low frequencies, down to 10 À5 HzE1 day À1 [3,4] and at high frequencies, up to 10 7 Hz [5].…”