Low perinatal zinc status is not associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in children

Kyvsgaard, Julie Nyholm; Overgaard, Jesper; Jacobsen, Louise D.; Thorsen, Sixtus; Pipper, Christian Bressen; Hansen, Thomas H.; Husted, Søren; Mortensen, Henrik B.; Pociot, Flemming; Svensson, Jannet

doi:10.1111/pedi.12476

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our start of follow-up was 18 months, in the offspring analyses, excluding children diagnosed before this age (1.56%) and no change in results were seen when follow-up was postponed one year (30 months of age); (viii) potential micronutrient-micronutrient interactions regarding association with childhood T1D could not be well-examined in this study. Though, there is no strong evidence in the literature that iron supplementation would e.g., affect zinc status negatively or vice versa or that low zinc status could increase risk of T1D [44,45,46]; and (ix) our results may be influenced by residual confounding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Maternal and Early Life Iron Intake and Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Case-Cohort Study

et al. 2019

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Background: Iron overload has been associated with diabetes. Studies on iron exposure during pregnancy and in early life and risk of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) are sparse. We investigated whether iron supplementation during pregnancy and early in life were associated with risk of childhood T1D. Methods: In a case-cohort design, we identified up to 257 children with T1D (prevalence 0.37%) from the Danish National Birth Cohort through linkage with the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register. The primary exposure was maternal pure iron supplementation (yes/no) during pregnancy as reported in interview two at 30 weeks of gestation (n = 68,497 with iron supplement data). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) using weighted Cox regression adjusting for multiple confounders. We also examined if offspring supplementation during the first 18 months of life was associated with later risk of T1D. Results: Maternal iron supplementation was not associated with later risk of T1D in the offspring HR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.76–1.45). Offspring intake of iron droplets during the first 18 months of life was inversely associated with risk of T1D HR 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55–1.00) (ptrend = 0.03). Conclusions: Our large-scale prospective study demonstrated no harmful effects of iron supplementation during pregnancy and in early life in regard to later risk of childhood T1D in the offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Maternal and Early Life Iron Intake and Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Case-Cohort Study

et al. 2019

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“…It has also been found that high iron concentrations at birth is associated with an increased risk of T1D [3]. Deficiency of zinc, a central part of the insulin hexamer, is regarded to be related to increased risk of diabetes and there are also epidemiological studies supporting a role for low zinc in the risk for T1D [4] while low perinatal zinc status was not associated with the risk of T1D later in children [5]. However, metals that have no physiological role in the human physiology but should rather be regarded as toxic, may play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic metals in cord blood and later development of Type 1 diabetes

Ludvigsson

Andersson-White²,

Guerrero-Bosagna

2019

Pediatr Dimensions

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The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased explained by changes in environment or lifestyle. In modern society dissemination of heavy metals has increased. As the autoimmune process usually starts already, we hypothesized that exposure to toxic metals during fetal life might contribute to development of T1D in children. We analysed arsenic (AS), aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), lithium (Li), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), in cord blood of 20 children who later developed T1D (probands), and in 40 age-and sex-matched controls. Analysis of heavy metals in cord blood was performed by ALS Scandinavia AB (Luleå, Sweden) using the ‘ultrasensitive inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry method’ (ICP-SFMS) after acid digestion with HNO 3 . Most children had no increased concentrations of the metals in cord blood. However, children who later developed T1D had more often increased concentrations (above limit of detection; LOD) of aluminium (p = 0.006) in cord blood than the non-diabetic controls, and also more often mercury and arsenic (n.s). Our conclusion is that exposure to toxic metals during pregnancy might be one among several contributing environmental factors to the disease process if confirmed in other birth cohort trials.

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“…The use of NBS in diabetes research to date may be summarized as follows: risk prediction for type 1 diabetes development, determining metabolic perturbations in infants exposed to maternal diabetes, confirming the metabolite signature of a recently discovered monogenic diabetes gene and determining the feasibility of testing neonatal diabetes [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. These studies utilized either pre-existing results, reused and reanalyzed DBS (using the card as a biobank) for new biomarkers or a combination of both.…”

Section: Available Literature On Diabetes and Newborn Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second study reported a reanalysis of dried blood spots to test glucose levels for neonatal diabetes and established median capillary glucose levels for neonatal diabetes (cases vs. matched controls: 18.7 (10.2 to >30.0) vs. 4.6 (2.3–6.2) mmol/L, p ≤ 0.001), demonstrating that newborn screening for neonatal diabetes was feasible [ 1 , 24 ]. Two studies showed no associations between vitamin D [ 25 , 26 ] or zinc concentrations [ 27 ] and type 1 diabetes development.…”

Section: Available Literature On Diabetes and Newborn Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborn Screening Samples for Diabetes Research: An Underused Resource

Estrella

Wiley

Simmons

2020

Cells

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Inborn errors of metabolism and diabetes share common derangements in analytes of metabolic networks that are tested for in newborn screening, usually performed 48–72 h after birth. There is limited research examining the metabolic imprint of diabetes on newborn screening results. This paper aims to demonstrate the links between diabetes, biochemical genetics and newborn screening in investigating disease pathophysiology in diabetes, provide possible reasons for the lack of research in diabetes in newborn screening and offer recommendations on potential research areas. We performed a systematic search of the available literature from 1 April 1998 to 31 December 2018 involving newborn screening and diabetes using OVID, MEDLINE, Cochrane and the PROSPERO register, utilizing a modified extraction tool adapted from Cochrane. Eight studies were included after screening 1312 records. Five studies reanalyzed dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper cards, and three studies utilized pre-existing results. The results of these studies and how they relate to cord blood studies, the use of cord blood versus newborn screening dried blood spots as a sample and considerations on newborn screening and diabetes research is further discussed. The timing of sampling of newborn screening allows insight into neonatal physiology in a catabolic state with minimal maternal and placental influence. This, combined with the wide coverage of newborn screening worldwide, may aid in our understanding of the origins of diabetes.

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Low perinatal zinc status is not associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in children

Abstract: The risk of developing T1D in Danish children was not associated with perinatal zinc status nor age at onset.

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Maternal and Early Life Iron Intake and Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Case-Cohort Study

Maternal and Early Life Iron Intake and Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Case-Cohort Study

Toxic metals in cord blood and later development of Type 1 diabetes

Newborn Screening Samples for Diabetes Research: An Underused Resource

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