Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N2) Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Adult, New York, USA, 2003

Ostrowsky, Belinda; Huang, Ada; Terry, William W.; Anton, Diane; Brunagel, Barbara; Traynor, Lorraine; Abid, Syed H.; Johnson, Glen D.; Kacica, Marilyn A.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Edwards, Lindsay E.; Lindstrom, Stephen; Klimov, Alexander; Uyeki, Timothy M.

doi:10.3201/eid1807.111913

Cited by 75 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This virus subtype was associated with several outbreaks, notably an outbreak in turkeys in Virginia in 2002 that resulted in one case of human seroconversion (3). H7N2 virus was also isolated from a person in New York State in 2003 (4). These represent the only previously documented human cases of LPAI H7N2 virus infection in North America; additional cases have been reported in Europe (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

Belser

Pulit-Penaloza

Sun

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In December 2016, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N2) virus was identified to be the causative source of an outbreak in a cat shelter in New York City, which subsequently spread to multiple shelters in the states of New York and Pennsylvania. One person with occupational exposure to infected cats became infected with the virus, representing the first LPAI H7N2 virus infection in a human in North America since 2003. Considering the close contact that frequently occurs between companion animals and humans, it was critical to assess the relative risk of this novel virus to public health. The virus isolated from the human case, A/New York/108/2016 (NY/108), caused mild and transient illness in ferrets and mice but did not transmit to naive cohoused ferrets following traditional or aerosol-based inoculation methods. The environmental persistence of NY/108 virus was generally comparable to that of other LPAI H7N2 viruses. However, NY/108 virus replicated in human bronchial epithelial cells with an increased efficiency compared with that of previously isolated H7N2 viruses. Furthermore, the novel H7N2 virus was found to utilize a relatively lower pH for hemagglutinin activation, similar to human influenza viruses. Our data suggest that the LPAI H7N2 virus requires further adaptation before representing a substantial threat to public health. However, the reemergence of an LPAI H7N2 virus in the northeastern United States underscores the need for continuous surveillance of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses inclusive of mammalian species, such as domestic felines, that are not commonly considered intermediate hosts for avian influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses are capable of crossing the species barrier to infect mammals, an event of public health concern due to the potential acquisition of a pandemic phenotype. In December 2016, an H7N2 virus caused an outbreak in cats in multiple animal shelters in New York State. This was the first detection of this virus in the northeastern United States in over a decade and the first documented infection of a felid with an H7N2 virus. A veterinarian became infected following occupational exposure to H7N2 virus-infected cats, necessitating the evaluation of this virus for its capacity to cause disease in mammals. While the H7N2 virus was associated with mild illness in mice and ferrets and did not spread well between ferrets, it nonetheless possessed several markers of virulence for mammals. These data highlight the promiscuity of influenza viruses and the need for diligent surveillance across multiple species to quickly identify an emerging strain with pandemic potential.

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confidence: 92%

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

Belser

Pulit-Penaloza

Sun

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 were described recently in bats (Tong et al, 2012, 2013). The avian influenza subtypes capable of infecting humans are H5N1, H5N2, H6N1, H9N2, H7N7, H7N2, H7N3, H10N7, H7N9 and H10N8 (Arzey et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2014; Cheng et al, 2011; Gao et al, 2013; Hirst et al, 2004; Koopmans et al, 2004; Ogata et al, 2008; Ostrowsky et al, 2012; To et al, 2012; Wei et al, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first detected human case of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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A human infection with novel avian influenza A H5N6 virus emerged in Changsha city, China in February, 2014. This is the first detected human case among all human cases identified from 2014 to early 2016. We obtained and summarized clinical, epidemiological, and virological data from this patient. Complete genome of the virus was determined and compared to other avian influenza viruses via the construction of phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining approach. A girl aged five and half years developed fever and mild respiratory symptoms on Feb. 16, 2014 and visited hospital on Feb. 17. Throat swab specimens were obtained from the patient and a novel reassortant avian influenza A H5N6 virus was detected. All eight viral gene segments were of avian origin. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments were closely related to A/duck/Sichuan/NCXN11/2014(H5N1) and A/chicken/Jiangxi/12782/2014(H10N6) viruses, respectively. The six internal genes were homologous to avian influenza A (H5N2) viruses isolated in duck from Jiangxi in China. This H5N6 virus has not gained genetic mutations necessary for human infection and was suggested to be sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, but resistant to adamantanes. Epidemiological investigation of the exposure history of the patient found that a live poultry market could be the source place of infection and the incubation period was 2–5 days. This novel reassortant Avian influenza A(H5N6) virus could be low pathogenic in humans. The prevalence and genetic evolution of this virus should be closely monitored.

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“…As a result, IAV strains with novel properties may emerge at any time and may be associated with high pathogenicity and/or efficient human-to-human transmission. Currently, avian IAV (AIV) strains belonging to the H5 (Vogl et al, 2007), H7 (Fouchier et al, 2004;Gao et al, 2013;Ostrowsky et al, 2012;Tweed et al, 2004) and H9 (Butt et al, 2005;Cheng et al, 2011;Peiris et al, 1999) subtypes are of particular concern because they are highly prevalent in birds and able to infect humans directly. They may cause severe and even fatal disease but, thus far, have not (or extremely rarely) been transmitted between humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of specific residues in avian influenza A virus NS1 that enhance viral replication and pathogenicity in mammalian systems

Kanrai

Mostafa

Madhugiri

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Reassortment of their segmented genomes allows influenza A viruses (IAV) to gain new characteristics, which potentially enable them to cross the species barrier and infect new hosts. increased virus titres, (ii) larger plaque sizes and (iii) increased levels and faster kinetics of viral mRNA and protein accumulation in mammalian cells. Interestingly, the NS1 substitutions did not affect viral growth characteristics in avian cells. Furthermore, we show that an FPV mutant with N74 in the NS1 (already possessing S3+K41) is able to replicate and cause disease in mice, demonstrating a key role of NS1 in the adaptation of avian IAV to mammalian hosts. Our data suggest that (i) adaptation to mammalian hosts does not necessarily compromise replication in the natural (avian) host and (ii) very few genetic changes may pave the way for zoonotic transmission. The study reinforces the need for close surveillance and characterization of circulating avian IAV to identify genetic signatures that indicate a potential risk for efficient transmission of avian strains to mammalian hosts.

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Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N2) Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Adult, New York, USA, 2003

Cited by 75 publications

References 12 publications

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

Clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first detected human case of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus

Identification of specific residues in avian influenza A virus NS1 that enhance viral replication and pathogenicity in mammalian systems

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