Low-P tolerance mechanisms and differential gene expression in contrasting wheat genotypes

Abstract

-The objectives of this study were to determine low-P tolerance mechanisms in contrasting wheat genotypes and to evaluate the association of these mechanisms to differential gene expression. Wheat seedlings of cultivars Toropi (tolerant to low-P availability) and Anahuac (sensitive) were evaluated. Seedlings were hydroponically grown in the absence or presence of P (1.0 mmol L -1 ) during three different time periods: 24, 120 and 240 hours. Free phosphate (Pi) and total P contents were measured in shoots and roots. The experiment's design was in randomized blocks with three replicates, each formed by ten plants. The relative expression of genes encoding the malate transporter TaALMT1 and the transcription factor PTF1 was evaluated. Phosphorus starvation beyond ten days increased the expression of TaALMT1 only in 'Toropi'. PTF1's expression was early induced in both genotypes under P starvation, but remained significant after ten days only in 'Toropi'. Shoot Pi concentration in 'Toropi' was independent from P availability; under starvation, 'Toropi' favored the maintenance of shoot Pi concentration. The low-P tolerance of Toropi cultivar at initial growth stages is mainly due to its ability to maintain constant the Pi shoot level.Index terms: Triticum aestivum, phosphorus starvation, translocation. Mecanismos de tolerância à deficiência de fósforo e expressão diferenciada de genes em genótipos de trigo contrastantesResumo -Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar os mecanismos da tolerância à deficiência de P em genótipos de trigo contrastantes e avaliar a associação desses mecanismos à expressão diferenciada de genes. Foram avaliadas plântulas das cultivares de trigo Toropi (tolerante à deficiência de P) e Anahuac (sensível). As plântulas foram cultivadas em hidroponia, na ausência ou presença (1,0 mmol L -1 ) de P, durante três períodos de tempo: 24, 120 e 240 horas. Os teores de fosfato livre (Pi) e P total foram medidos na parte aérea e nas raízes. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, cada uma formada por dez plantas. Foi avaliada a expressão relativa dos genes que codificam o transportador de malato TaALMT1 e o fator de transcrição PTF1. Períodos de deficiência de P superiores a dez dias aumentaram a expressão de TaALMT1 somente em 'Toropi'. A expressão de PTF1 foi induzida em ambos os genótipos no início da deficiência, porém manteve-se significativa após dez dias somente em 'Toropi'. A concentração de Pi livre na parte aérea em 'Toropi' foi independente da disponibilidade de P; sob limitação, 'Toropi' favoreceu a manutenção da concentração de Pi na parte aérea. A tolerância à deficiência de P em 'Toropi' nos estádios iniciais de crescimento é devida principalmente à sua capacidade de manter constante a concentração de Pi na parte aérea.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum, deficiência de fósforo, translocação.

Changes in gene expression profiles as they relate to the adult plant leaf rust resistance in the wheat cv. Toropi

“…Trp -1 and Trp -2 were located to chromosomes 1A and 4D, respectively [11] . In addition to leaf rust APR Toropi has a number of other agronomically important characteristics, including increased phosphorous absorption, translocation and distribution, tolerance to aluminum toxicity [12] and resistance to Fusarium head blight [13] .…”

Tillering of two wheat genotypes as affected by phosphorus levels

“…Tolerance to low levels of available P depends on genotype capacity to efficiently absorb, distribute and use this nutrient for biomass production. This is established by morphological and physiological characteristics as well as by nutrient requirements (ESPINDOLA et al, 2009). …”