Low Neonatal Plasma n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratios Regulate Offspring Adipogenic Potential and Condition Adult Obesity Resistance

Rudolph, Michael C.; Jackman, Matthew R.; Houck, Julie A.; Webb, Patricia G.; Johnson, Ginger C.; Soderborg, Taylor K.; Houssaye, Becky A. de la; Yang, Ivana V.; Friedman, Jacob E.; MacLean, Paul S.

doi:10.2337/db17-0890

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…With no drugs approved for use in pregnancy in mothers without GDM, a new approach to effectively intervene in overweight/obese mothers at risk for fetal overgrowth is critical. In combination with nutritional modification, higher dose omega-3 FA (3–4g/day) reduce TG by 30–40% in non-pregnant individuals 73 , may attenuate insulin resistance (IR) 74 , 75 and directly dampen adipogenesis 74 , 76 – 79 . We have demonstrated in our randomized controlled studies in GDM (all meals provided) that a diet higher in complex carbohydrate and lower in fat appears to attenuate maternal IR, resulting in lower fasting glucose and postprandial FFA, and may decrease newborn adiposity 80 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Lipids and Fetal Overgrowth: Making Fat from Fat

Barbour

Hernandez

2018

Clinical Therapeutics

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There is increasing recognition that maternal glucose concentrations lower than those previously used for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and targeted for treatment can result in excess fetal growth. Yet, mothers with GDM who appear to have optimal glycemic control and mothers with obesity and normal glucose tolerance still have a significantly increased risk for delivering infants who are large for gestational age, or even more importantly, who have increased adiposity at birth. What is less appreciated is that in addition to glucose, maternal lipids are also substrates for fetal fat accretion and that placental lipases can hydrolyze maternal triglycerides (TGs) to free fatty acids for fetal-placental availability. Maternal TG levels are 40% to 50% higher on average in mothers with obesity and GDM compared to those in normal-weight mothers early in pregnancy and are sustained at higher levels throughout gestation. Increasing evidence supports that maternal TG, both fasting and postprandial, are also predictors of newborn adiposity (newborn %fat), a risk factor for childhood obesity, and that early exposure is at least as strong of a risk factor as later exposure in mothers with obesity. In the setting of maternal nutrient excess and maternal insulin resistance, which lead to fetal hyperinsulinemia, excess free fatty acid exposure in the fetus may result in lipid storage and fetal fat development in subcutaneous and possibly other depots. In this commentary, we provide further evidence to make a case for targeting maternal fasting and postprandial TG in mothers with obesity who have elevated TG in early pregnancy to determine whether a TG-lowering interventional approach might limit fetal overgrowth and potentially mitigate the intrauterine contribution to childhood obesity and metabolic disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Lipids and Fetal Overgrowth: Making Fat from Fat

Barbour

Hernandez

2018

Clinical Therapeutics

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“…For example, aqueous extract of Haslea ostrearia showed antitumor and antiproliferative effects and Chaetoceros calcitrans extract exhibited antioxidant activity . Thus far, carotenoids have been considered as one of the most important categories of bioactive constituents in microalgae, although studies also revealed that other compounds such as polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) probably play a role in their health promoting effects. Fucoxanthin, a 42‐carbon xanthophyll, has shown great potential to be developed as an effective weight management or anti‐obesity agent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extract of the Microalga Nitzschia laevis Prevents High‐Fat‐Diet‐Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota

Guo

Liu

Wei

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of Nitzschia laevis extract (NLE) in preventing obesity in mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD), and the potential underlying mechanisms focusing on modulation of the gut microbiota profile. Methods and results Physiological, histological, and biochemical parameters and gut microbiota compositions are compared among four experimental groups fed respectively with the following diets for 8 weeks: Normal chow diet, HFD, HFD + low concentration of NLE, and HFD + high concentration of NLE. The results demonstrate that NLE supplementation significantly reduces body weight gain and effectively prevents lipid accumulation in the white adipose tissue and liver of the mice. Mechanistic analysis reveals that NLE promotes the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, NLE protects the gut epithelium and positively reshapes the gut microbiota composition against the damaging effect of HFD. Conclusions NLE supplementation demonstrates a protective effect against HFD‐induced obesity in mice, which is associated with reshaping the profile of gut microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, this has been the first report on the potential of microalgal extract to prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota.

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“…The proportion of n-3/n-6 PUFAs is an important factor in lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that a high n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in dietary oil may improve the strength of oxidative stress through reductions in serum content of FFA [37]. The proportion of n-3/n-6 PUFA in L-SBO was higher than that in L-SFO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Differential effects of Chinese high-fat dietary habits on lipid metabolism: mechanisms and health implications

et al. 2020

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Background: The traditional Chinese diet blends lard with vegetable oil, keeping the fatty acid balance intake ratio of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids at nearly 1:1:1. However, the effects of a mixture of lard and vegetable oil on lipid metabolism have never been researched. In the present study, by simulating Chinese high-fat dietary habits, we explored the effects of a mixture of lard and vegetable oil on lipid metabolism. Methods: We randomly assigned 50 male C57BL/6 J mice to 5 groups (10 in each group) and fed them lard, sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil (SBO), lard blended with sunflower oil (L-SFO), or lard blended with soybean oil (L-SBO) for 12 weeks. Results: We found that the final body weights of mice in the lard group were significantly higher than those of mice in the SFO and SBO groups. Body fat rate and volume of fat cell of the lard group were significantly higher than those of the SFO, SBO, and L-SBO groups. Liver triglyceride level of the lard group increased significantly compared to the other groups. Although body fat rate and liver triglyceride level in the SBO and SFO groups decreased compared to those in the other groups, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were also significantly decreased in the SBO and SFO groups. Conclusions: We found that a lard diet induced accumulation of body fat, liver and serum lipids, which can increase the risk of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease, and atherosclerosis. The vegetable oil diet resulted in cholesterol metabolism disorders even though it did not lead to obesity. The mixed oil diet induced body fat accumulation, but did not cause lipid accumulation in the liver and serum. Thus, differential oil/fat diets have an impact on differential aspects in mouse lipid metabolism.

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Low Neonatal Plasma n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratios Regulate Offspring Adipogenic Potential and Condition Adult Obesity Resistance

Cited by 34 publications

References 54 publications

Maternal Lipids and Fetal Overgrowth: Making Fat from Fat

Maternal Lipids and Fetal Overgrowth: Making Fat from Fat

Extract of the Microalga Nitzschia laevis Prevents High‐Fat‐Diet‐Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota

Differential effects of Chinese high-fat dietary habits on lipid metabolism: mechanisms and health implications

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