Low neonatal blood glucose levels in cesarean-delivered term newborns at Khartoum Hospital, Sudan

Hussein, ShathaSami; Salih, Yasir; Rayis, Duria A.; Bilal, Jalal Ali

doi:10.1186/1746-1596-9-112

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has previously been reported that the blood glucose concentrations in umbilical cord blood from cesarean-delivered newborns are lower than those from newborns delivered vaginally [ 28 , 29 ]. Umbilical cord blood ketone body levels were equivalent to those previously reported in the literature [ 30 ]. One of the limitations of this study is the delay of about half a day between the time when cord blood and amniotic fluid were collected, since maternal blood was collected the morning after delivery (before breakfast).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Amino Acid Composition of Amniotic Fluid during the Perinatal Period Reflects Mother’s Fat and Carbohydrate Intake

et al. 2021

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Dietary content during pregnancy is important because it is necessary for the growth of the fetus. With the assumption that the nutritional status of the fetus can be monitored by measuring amino acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid, we investigated whether the habitual dietary intake of pregnant women affected the composition of the amniotic fluid and the significance of performing amniotic fluid analysis. The subjects were 34 mothers who delivered full-term babies by cesarean section. Three biological samples were collected from the mothers: blood, cord blood, and amniotic fluid. At the same time, the mothers’ prenatal nutritional intake information was also recorded. When the amino acid contents of the samples were compared with the mothers’ nutrient intake, many amino acids in the amniotic fluid were positively correlated with lipid intake, but not with protein intake. There was a negative correlation between lipid intake and carbohydrate intake, and the amino acid contents of the amniotic fluid were also negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. The results of this study were consistent with those found in animal models, suggesting that the analysis of amniotic fluid may be a useful method to investigate the effects of habitual diet during human pregnancy on the fetus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Amino Acid Composition of Amniotic Fluid during the Perinatal Period Reflects Mother’s Fat and Carbohydrate Intake

et al. 2021

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“…Although data were unable to be used in meta-analysis, Hussein 2014 reported that maternal blood glucose concentrations at delivery were negatively associated with infant blood glucose concentrations at 2 h of age. There was no difference in maternal blood glucose concentrations between those who birthed by caesearean section or vaginally [ 51 ]. Additionally, one study reported that there was a significant correlation ( p < 0.05) between maternal blood glucose concentrations at delivery > 6.67mmol/L and the chance of their infant developing low blood glucose concentrations [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrapartum maternal glycaemic control for the prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ulyatt,

Roberts,

Crowther

et al. 2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Neonatal hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic disorder in infants, and may be influenced by maternal glycaemic control. This systematic review evaluated the effect of intrapartum maternal glycaemic control on neonatal hypoglycaemia. Methods We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, non-randomised studies of interventions, and cohort or case-control studies that examined interventions affecting intrapartum maternal glycaemic control compared to no or less stringent control. We searched four databases and three trial registries to November 2023. Quality assessments used Cochrane Risk of Bias 1 or the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models analysed separately for women with or without diabetes. The review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42022364876). Results We included 46 studies of women with diabetes and five studies of women without diabetes: one RCT, 32 cohort and 18 case-control studies (11,273 participants). For women with diabetes, the RCT showed little to no difference in the incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia between tight versus less tight intrapartum glycaemic control groups (76 infants, RR 1.00 (0.45, 2.24), p = 1.00, low certainty evidence). However, 11 cohort studies showed tight intrapartum glycaemic control may reduce neonatal hypoglycaemia (6,152 infants, OR 0.44 (0.31, 0.63), p < 0.00001, I2 = 58%, very low certainty evidence). For women without diabetes, there was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of tight intrapartum glycaemic control on neonatal hypoglycaemia. Conclusions Very uncertain evidence suggests that tight intrapartum glycaemic control may reduce neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with diabetes. High-quality RCTs are required.

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“…The umbilical arterial glucose level is significantly higher in the vaginally delivered neonates than in neonates delivered by cesarean delivery. 36,37 Pregnant people are instructed to fast to avoid vomiting or aspiration during cesarean delivery, but fasting has a direct effect on neonatal glucose level. 38 In addition, the vaginal delivery can expose neonates to maternal vaginal and anal microbiota, which may contribute to certain microbiome colonization necessary for neonatal immune system development and be in favor of adaptation of their respiratory, hematological, and immunological systems to a new environment outside of the uterus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study revealed a significantly increased risk of NH in neonates delivered by cesarean delivery compared with vaginally delivered neonates, indicating that vaginal delivery was a protective factor against NH. The umbilical arterial glucose level is significantly higher in the vaginally delivered neonates than in neonates delivered by cesarean delivery 36,37. Pregnant people are instructed to fast to avoid vomiting or aspiration during cesarean delivery, but fasting has a direct effect on neonatal glucose level 38.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia Among Neonates

Zhang,

Rehemutula,

Jin

et al. 2023

Journal of Perinatal &Amp; Neonatal Nursing

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Objective: Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is the most frequent complication in neonates born to pregnant people with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and an important cause of brain damage and death of neonates. We explored the risk factors for NH in neonates of pregnant people with GDM. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 322 pregnant people with GDM at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre. Maternal sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical data, as well as general characteristics of neonates, were collected to analyze their associations with NH in neonates of pregnant people with GDM. Results: The incidence of NH among neonates of pregnant people with GDM was 19.57% (63/322). After adjustment for confounders, the factors significantly associated with an increased risk of NH were cesarean delivery (relative risk [RR] = 3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83-6.45), red blood cell (RBC) count (RR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.22-3.96), and 1-hour postprandial glucose (RR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.23-4.46) during pregnancy, whereas later gestational age (RR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.80) and multiparity (RR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.66) were associated with a reduced risk of NH. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery, maternal 1-hour glucose of the oral glucose tolerance test, and increased RBC count of pregnant people with GDM are independent risk factors for NH, while later gestational age and multiparity are protective factors.

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Low neonatal blood glucose levels in cesarean-delivered term newborns at Khartoum Hospital, Sudan

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Amino Acid Composition of Amniotic Fluid during the Perinatal Period Reflects Mother’s Fat and Carbohydrate Intake

Amino Acid Composition of Amniotic Fluid during the Perinatal Period Reflects Mother’s Fat and Carbohydrate Intake

Intrapartum maternal glycaemic control for the prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia Among Neonates

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