Low-molecular-weight organic acids in the Tibetan Plateau: Results from one-year of precipitation samples at the SET station

Liu, Bin; Kang, Shichang; Sun, Junying; Wan, Xin; Wang, Yongjie; Gao, Shaopeng; Cong, Zhiyuan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.028

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The synoptic climatology of this region has been described in many recent literatures (e.g. Tian et al , ; Yao et al , , , ; Liu et al , ; Wonsick and Pinker, ; Kattel et al , ; Zhang et al , ).…”

Section: Data and Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synoptic climatology of this region has been described in many recent literatures (e.g. Tian et al, 2008;Yao et al, 2012aYao et al, , 2012bYao et al, , 2013Liu et al, 2014;Wonsick and Pinker, 2014;Kattel et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017). The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) provided 20 years of climatic data (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, RH, hours of (Kattel et al, 2015).…”

Section: Data and Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the hydro-climatic and eco-environmental aspects (e.g. Xu et al, 2005;Cui et al, 2007;Yao et al, 2007b;Tian et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2011;Yao et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2014;Botsyun et al, 2016), most previous studies of the HTP, particularly of the SETP regions, have focused on snow, ice and glaciers (e.g. Davis et al, 2005;Qin et al, 2006;Kang et al, 2007;Yao et al, 2007aYao et al, , 2012aYao et al, , 2012bYang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature–topographic elevation relationship for high mountain terrain: an example from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Kattel

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study quantifies the spatial–temporal distribution of the near‐surface temperature lapse rate (TLR) on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) on the northern slopes of the eastern Himalayas, using the jackknife regression model. A 20‐year (1985–2004) climatic data set of 16 stations between the elevation range of 3553–4801 m asl was used for this investigation. Controls for the spatial–temporal variation on TLRs and causes of higher mean square error (MSE) from the jackknife regressions were also analysed. Dry convection due to increasing sensible heating at lower elevations associated with clear skies, the effect of cold air surges, cloud/fog, as well as pronounced long‐wave radiation loss due to snow cover at higher elevation, results in the super‐dry adiabatic TLR in the dry winter. In response to the effects of high rainfall and humidity, intense latent heating at higher elevation due to moist adiabatic cooling causes TLRs to decrease significantly in summer. The variation in net radiation due to differences in moisture, rainfall, cloud cover and air mass between higher (fewer) and lower (higher) elevations further contributes to reducing TLRs values in this season. Observed steeper values of TLRs at higher elevations and more shallow values at lower elevations are due to the thermal contrast between snow‐free ground and snow‐covered mountain terrain, as well as the effect of variations in air mass and moisture. Based on derived values, this article also estimates near‐surface temperature at higher elevations and analyses the precision of estimated values. Measurement of the lowest discrepancy (bias) between observed and estimated values from this study suggests that the estimation skills of the model are good enough. More precisely, including the smallest MSE from the jackknife regression and biases of the estimated values can be made for summer, perhaps due to the moisture controlled throughout the SETP, i.e. associated with the Indian monsoon. Higher MSE and biases are observed during winter and are due to the substantial effects of westerlies, as well as the station's geographical coordinate, local topography and microclimate. The MSE and the estimated biases are lowest at high‐elevation stations and are associated with the lower contaminating effects of the surface. This estimation model, using derived values from this investigation, could be useful for glacier‐hydro‐climatic and ecological modelling in this region.

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Section: Data and Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature–topographic elevation relationship for high mountain terrain: an example from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Kattel

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Therefore, biogenic emissions and related products may be essential sources of fine aerosols over HTP forest and grassland areas. In the southeastern TP, strong monoterpene emissions were reported since there are a great number of alpine forest species (Wang et al, 2007); biogenic emissions were identified as the main precursors of atmospheric low-weight organic acids (Liu et al, 2014). In the central TP, biogenic contributions to secondary organic carbon were estimated to be ∼ 75 %; biogenic aerosol tracer concentrations were also higher in summer than in winter (Shen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Patterns In Atmospheric Aerosol Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background aerosol over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau: observed characteristics of aerosol mass loading

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To investigate the atmospheric aerosols of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP), an observation network was established within the region's various ecosystems, including at the Ngari, Qomolangma (QOMS), Nam Co, and Southeastern Tibetan (SET) stations. In this paper we illustrate aerosol mass loadings by integrating in situ measurements with satellite and ground-based remote sensing datasets for the 2011–2013 period, on both local and large scales. Mass concentrations of these surface atmospheric aerosols were relatively low and varied with land cover, showing a general tendency of Ngari and QOMS (barren sites) > Nam Co (grassland site) > SET (forest site). Daily averages of online PM2.5 (particulates with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 µm) at these sites were sequentially 18.2 ± 8.9, 14.5 ± 7.4, 11.9 ± 4.9 and 11.7 ± 4.7 µg m−3. Correspondingly, the ratios of PM2.5 to total suspended particles (TSP) were 27.4 ± 6.65, 22.3 ± 10.9, 37.3 ± 11.1 and 54.4 ± 6.72 %. Bimodal mass distributions of size-segregated particles were found at all sites, with a relatively small peak in accumulation mode and a more notable peak in coarse mode. Diurnal variations in fine-aerosol masses generally displayed a bi-peak pattern at the QOMS, Nam Co and SET stations and a single-peak pattern at the Ngari station, controlled by the effects of local geomorphology, mountain-valley breeze circulation and aerosol emissions. Dust aerosol content in PM2.1 samples gave fractions of 26 % at the Ngari station and 29 % at the QOMS station, or ∼ 2–3 times that of reported results at human-influenced sites. Furthermore, observed evidence confirmed the existence of the aerodynamic conditions necessary for the uplift of fine particles from a barren land surface. Combining surface aerosol data and atmospheric-column aerosol optical properties, the TSP mass and aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) generally decreased as land cover changed from barren to forest, in inverse relation to the PM2.5 ratios. The seasonality of aerosol mass parameters was land-cover dependent. Over forest and grassland areas, TSP mass, PM2.5 mass, MISR-AOD and fine-mode AOD were higher in spring and summer, followed by relatively lower values in autumn and winter. At the barren site (the QOMS station), there were inconsistent seasonal patterns between surface TSP mass (PM2.5 mass) and atmospheric column AOD (fine-mode AOD). Our findings implicate that HTP aerosol masses (especially their regional characteristics and fine-particle emissions) need to be treated sensitively in relation to assessments of their climatic effect and potential role as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.

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“…Tuo et al (2011) reported that fatty acids were found in all sediment samples from Erhai Lake and Gahai Lake, accompanied by lower concentrations of n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones. Liu et al (2014b) investigated organic acids in the Southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They speculated that secondary organic acid formation in high-elevation regions and the changes in the Asian monsoon might exert an important role in the increased organic compounds within ascending tropical moisture.…”

Section: Other Organic Pollutants Around the Qinghai-tibet Plateaumentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on the organic pollution around the Qinghai-Tibet plateau: The thought-provoking situation

Lü

Luo

et al. 2016

Environment International

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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plays an important role in the ecological safety and human health of the surroundings due to its unique geographical position and function. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pollution status and potential risk in this area. This study summarizes the distribution of different organic pollutants in biota and environmental media of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it also pays attention to the potential health risks of these organic pollutants. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were the most frequently detected in different matrices. In general, the carcinogenic risks of organic pollutants were ranked in the verylow to moderate range for both children and adults. The carcinogenic risks of organic pollutants in fish, food, and water for children were 1-2 times higher than those for adults, while risks of organic pollutants in soil/sediment and in air for children were generally 10.6-16.5 and 2.6-2.8 times higher than those for adults, respectively. The maximal hazard quotient for non-carcinogenic risk was 0.95 (potential risk for children posed by organic pollutants in yak milk of Ruoergai), almost reaching an unacceptable level. Therefore, the potential health risks could not be neglected, especially for children who were more likely to be affected by the pollutants.

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Low-molecular-weight organic acids in the Tibetan Plateau: Results from one-year of precipitation samples at the SET station

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Temperature–topographic elevation relationship for high mountain terrain: an example from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Temperature–topographic elevation relationship for high mountain terrain: an example from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Background aerosol over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau: observed characteristics of aerosol mass loading

An overview on the organic pollution around the Qinghai-Tibet plateau: The thought-provoking situation

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