Low-molecular-weight chitosan relieves enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced growth retardation in weaned pigs

Zhang, Jiao; Wan, Jin; Wang, Guozhong; Chen, Shuai; Yu, Bing; Huang, Zhiqing; Mao, Xiangbing; Zheng, Ping; Yu, Jie; He, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105798

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Therefore, we speculate that dietary supplementation with CP-Zn improves the digestibility of carbohydrates in the SI related to CS. Consistent with this hypothesis, previous reports have shown that CS can increase the activity of enzymes related to carbohydrate digestion in the SI of weaned piglets (36,37) . One possible explanation for this effect is that CS, as a natural polysaccharide, can act as a substrate similar to disaccharidases and thus promote the activity of disaccharidases (38,39) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Nano chitosan–zinc complex improves the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of the small intestine in weaned piglets

Zhang

Hou

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with a nano chitosan-zinc complex (CP-Zn, 100 mg/kg zinc) could alleviate weaning stress in piglets challenged with ETEC K88 by improving growth performance and intestinal antioxidant capacity. The in vivo effects of CP-Zn on growth performance variables (including gastrointestinal digestion and absorption functions and the levels of key proteins related to muscle growth) and the antioxidant capacity of the small intestine were evaluated in 72 weaned piglets. The porcine jejunal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 was used to further investigate the antioxidant mechanism of CP-Zn in vitro. The results showed that CP-Zn supplementation increased the jejunal villus height and decreased the diarrhoea rate in weaned piglets. CP-Zn supplementation also improved growth performance (ADG and ADFI), increased the activity of carbohydrate digestion-related enzymes (amylase, maltase, sucrase and lactase) and the mRNA expression levels of nutrient transporters (SGLT1, GLUT2, PEPT1 and EAAC1) in the jejunum, and upregulated the expression levels of mTOR pathway-related proteins (IRS1, phospho-mTOR and phospho-p70S6K) in muscle. In addition, CP-Zn supplementation increased glutathione content, enhanced T-SOD and GSH-px activity, and reduced MDA content in the jejunum. Furthermore, CP-Zn decreased the content of MDA and ROS, enhanced the activity of T-SOD and GSH-px, and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 pathway-related proteins (Nrf2, NQO1 and HO1) in LPS-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that CP-Zn supplementation can improve growth performance and the antioxidant capacity of the small intestine in piglets, thus alleviating weaning stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Nano chitosan–zinc complex improves the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of the small intestine in weaned piglets

Zhang

Hou

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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“…COS has been shown to enrich the relative abundances of several beneficial bacteria at the genus level, such as Bacillus, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Alistipes, whereas it reduced the counts of E. coli. ,− However, it also showed that the ETEC challenge and low-molecular-weight chitosan supplementation had no markedly differences in the Lactobacillus abundance . COS at 200 mg/kg reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestine of mice, suggesting that the effect of COS on the abundance of Lactobacillus may be related to factors such as its addition concentration, feeding method, and fed animals …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,33−35 However, it also showed that the ETEC challenge and low-molecular-weight chitosan supplementation had no markedly differences in the Lactobacillus abundance. 36 COS at 200 mg/kg reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestine of mice, suggesting that the effect of COS on the abundance of Lactobacillus may be related to factors such as its addition concentration, feeding method, and fed animals. 27 Lactobacillus has been reported to be involved in the metabolism of bile acids associated with the obesity and metabolic syndrome, as well as in the metabolism of phenol, benzyl, and phenyl derivatives associated with weight loss.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Meng

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This study was conducted to investigate how chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) affect the growth performance and immune stress response and to further explain their mechanisms. A total of 32 boars that were 28 days old and three-way weaned were randomly allotted to four equal groups [CON (basal diet) group, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, COS group, and COS*ETEC group]. The results showed that COS partially reversed the negative changes in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake caused by the ETEC challenge and thereby alleviated the increase in the feed conversion ratio. Dietary COS increased the villus length as compared with the CON group and improved the ileal morphological structure. Additionally, it increased the bacterial diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance and lowered the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. COS treatment lowered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Anarovovrio in the intestines of piglets, while it increased Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Prevotella at the genus level. COS had a significant inhibitory effect on the increase in the relative expression abundance of STAT3 mRNA caused by ETEC. The IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in the COS, ETEC, and COS*ETEC groups as compared to the CON group. These results demonstrate that COS could be beneficial for improving the growth performance and attenuating ETEC-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance-related immune signaling pathways.

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“…Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, have been showed to mediate the host inflammatory process and initiate an effective inflammatory response to pathogen infection 30 . The current research shown that ETEC challenge increased the serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β in the jejunum mucosa in weaned piglets, which were thought to reflect the host's inflammatory response to the ETEC invasion 31,32 . This inflammatory response was attenuated by dietary GE supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Chemical composition and protective effect of guava (Psidium guajavaL.) leaf extract on piglet intestines

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Dietary intervention is an important approach to improve intestinal function of weaned piglets. Phytogenic and herbal products have received increasing attention as in‐feed antibiotic alternatives. This study investigated the chemical composition of guava leaf extract (GE) by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Meanwhile, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GE on diarrhea in relation to immune responses and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). RESULTS In total, 323 characterized compounds, which including 91 phenolic compounds and 232 other compounds were identified. Animal experiment results showed that the supplementation of 50–200 mg kg−1 of GE in the diet could reduce diarrhea incidence, increase activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total anti‐oxidant capacity in the serum (P < 0.05), decrease the levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in the serum or jejunum mucosa (P < 0.05), and increase villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) in the jejuna of piglets challenged by oral ETEC compared with negative control group (NC). Meanwhile, diet supplementation with 50–200 mg kg−1 GE reduced the levels of D‐lactate, endothelin‐1 and diamine oxidase in the serum, and increased the expression of zonula occludens‐1, Claudin‐1, Occludin and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (P < 0.05) in the jejuna mucosa of piglets challenged by ETEC compared with the NC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that GE could attenuate diarrhea and improve intestinal barrier function of piglets challenged by ETEC. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Low-molecular-weight chitosan relieves enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced growth retardation in weaned pigs

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Nano chitosan–zinc complex improves the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of the small intestine in weaned piglets

Nano chitosan–zinc complex improves the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of the small intestine in weaned piglets

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Chemical composition and protective effect of guava (Psidium guajavaL.) leaf extract on piglet intestines

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