Low-Molecular Pyrazine-Based DNA Binders: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

Pyrazine and its derivatives are a large group of compounds that exhibit broad biological activity, the changes of which can be easily detected by a substituent effect or a change in the functional group. The present studies combined theoretical research with the density functional theory (DFT) approach (B3LYP/6-311+G**) and experimental (potentiometric and spectrophotometric) analysis for a thorough understanding of the structure of chlorohydrazinopyrazine, its physicochemical and cytotoxic properties, and the site and nature of interaction with DNA. The obtained results indicated that 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine (2Cl3HP) displayed the highest affinity to DNA. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the compound did not exhibit toxicity toward human dermal keratinocytes, which supported the potential application of 2Cl3HP in clinical use. The study also attempted to establish the possible equilibria occurring in the aqueous solution and, using both theoretical and experimental methods, clearly showed the hydrophilic nature of the compound. The experimental and theoretical results of the study confirmed the quality of the compound, as well as the appropriateness of the selected set of methods for similar research.

Anticancer Study on IrIII and RhIII Half-Sandwich Complexes with the Bipyridylsulfonamide Ligand

“…The association/binding constants of these interactions with CA were determined according to the Benesi–Hildebrand eq A 0 A − A 0 = ε G ε H − G − ε G + ε G ε H − G − ε G · 1 K b i n d false[ normalC normalA false] where A 0 and A are the absorbances of the acridine derivative in the absence and presence of CA, respectively; ε G and ε H–G are the absorption coefficients of the acridine derivative unbounded and its adduct with CA, respectively. Thus, the double reciprocal plot of A 0 /( A – A 0 ) vs 1/[CA] is linear and the binding constant ( K bind ) was estimated based on the linear fit parameters established as the ratio of the intercept to the slope. , …”

“…Thus, the double reciprocal plot of A 0 / (A − A 0 ) vs 1/[CA] is linear and the binding constant (K bind ) was estimated based on the linear fit parameters established as the ratio of the intercept to the slope. 61,62 CD measurements (200−600 nm) were carried out at a scan speed of 100 nm per min. 1.35, 0.83, and 0.54 M ratios of CA to inhibitor (L, 1, 2, respectively) and also a free spectrum of CA were taken.…”

Targeting yeast topoisomerase II by imidazo and triazoloacridinone derivatives resulting in their antifungal activity

“…( 1 ) presented below 46 : where A 0 and A are the absorbances of the acridine derivative in the absence and presence of CT -DNA, respectively; ε G and ε H–G are the absorption coefficients of the acridine derivative unbounded and its adduct with CT -DNA, respectively. Thus, the double reciprocal plot of A 0 / (A–A 0 ) versus 1/[DNA] is linear and the binding constant ( K bind ) was estimated based on the linear fit parameters established as the ratio of the intercept to the slope 47 , 48 .…”