“…Interaction between chemotactants and their receptors leads to multiple intracellular events that allow extravasation of cells from circulation and directional migration toward the area with the highest chemotactic gradient (Alexeev et al., 2013). Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5, also known as RANTES [regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted]), is secreted by various cell types including platelets, immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial and epithelial cells (Lin et al., 2013), and has been originally identified as an inducer that can recruit leukocytes to sites of inflammation (Donlon et al., 1990). After binding to its receptors, namely CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, CCL5 induces phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and other signaling pathways involved in the regulation of various cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation (Aldinucci and Colombatti, 2014, Marques et al., 2013).…”