Low-loss light coupling with graded-index core polymer optical waveguides via 45-degree mirrors

Morimoto, Yoshie; Ishigure, Takaaki

doi:10.1364/oe.24.003550

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…of waveguides, light sources and sensors, respectively. Common coupling structures such as mirrors, gratings or tapers in different shapes have been broadly investigated [8][9][10][11]. A new technique, which has evolved during the last decade, is the utilization of self-written waveguides (SWWs) as coupling elements [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Günther

Kushwaha

Rüsseler

et al. 2023

J. Opt.

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Self-written waveguides (SWW) have been well investigated within the last decades. In most cases, they are used as low-loss coupling structures, i.e. to connect buried optical structures in photonic integrated circuits. In our work, we extend the ﬁeld of possible applications for SWWs by embedding a novel thin-ﬁlm ﬁlter to split the beam and connect multiple output ports simultaneously. The multilayer design of the dielectric ﬁlter can be customized to enable its application as dichroic beamsplitter for photonic networks. The embedded thin-ﬁlm ﬁlter was characterized in detail and used to connect an additional optical sensing element, which is also based on SWWs, to demonstrate its usability for measurement of physical quantities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Günther

Kushwaha

Rüsseler

et al. 2023

J. Opt.

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“…Coupling strategies such as end-facet coupling, 45 • mirrors and gratings have been investigated to overcome this challenge. [3][4][5] But facet polishing is complicated and difficult for large flexible foils, while 45 • mirrors often require a metal reflection layer. Furthermore, the fabrication costs needed for manufacturing 45 • mirrors remain high and thus it is not suitable for disposable sensors especially when only a single use is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependence of polymer grating couplers for single-mode waveguides

Sherman

Rezem

et al. 2018

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXII

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Polymer optical sensors have attracted significant scientific interest due to the advantages of flexibility and lowcost mass-production possibilities. A main challenge in integration of all-polymer systems is interfacing sensor parts to light sources and detectors. Coupling strategies such as end-facet coupling, 45 • mirrors coupler and gratings coupler have been investigated. However, facet polishing is complicated for large flexible foils, while 45 • mirrors often require a metal reflection layer. Thus grating couplers have the biggest potential and are compatible with roll-to-roll processes. Polymers have higher thermo-optic-coefficients and thermal-expansioncoefficients compared to inorganic materials, making them very sensitive to temperature changes. Consequently, polymer grating couplers show a shift of the coupling angle with temperature and thus a decay of efficiency. We therefore present a temperature characterization of all-polymer based grating couplers on waveguides based sensors. Cost-effective manufacturing methods, including hot-embossing and spin-coating, were used for the fabrication of waveguides and gratings on PMMA foils. Single mode waveguides were realized by modifying the dimensions of their cross-section. Gratings with a period of 560 nm were subsequently bonded on the waveguides for input coupling. Thermal response was characterized by monitoring the coupling angle at different temperatures. Temperature dependences of the incident angle at two main peaks of 0.0027 • /K and 0.0054 • /K were determined respectively at the wavelength of 852 nm and a linear response over the evaluated range between 298 K and 323 K was observed, which opens up possible applications for on-chip temperature monitoring and thermal compensation when integrated with polymer sensors.

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Design and fabrication of multimode polymer waveguides for optical interconnects

Ishigure

Immonen²

2017

Optical Interconnects for Data Centers

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Low-loss light coupling with graded-index core polymer optical waveguides via 45-degree mirrors

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides

Temperature-dependence of polymer grating couplers for single-mode waveguides

Design and fabrication of multimode polymer waveguides for optical interconnects

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