Low-loss latching microwave switch using thermally pulsed non-volatile chalcogenide phase change materials

El-Hinnawy, Nabil; Borodulin, Pavel; Wagner, B.; King, Matthew R.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; Howell, Robert S.; Lee, Michael J.; Young, Robert M.

doi:10.1063/1.4885388

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Here, we have demonstrated a single metasurface on each device, however, this idea can easily be extended by patterning a range of nanoantenna arrays, each with a different pitch, on a single GST layer thus enabling parallel measurements of different analytes. Moreover, recently electrical switching of GeTe optical modulators was demonstrated, thus showing the plausibility of electrically tuned metamaterial devices. We have presented a conceptual design to enable electrical tuning of our M‐IR transmissive filter in Figure S4 of the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

Dong

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

122

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reduce the size of these sensors, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] since it exhibits a unique surface condition with tailored spectral properties and strong electric field enhancement, which results in a high sensitivity to the surroundings. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] To date, most approaches toward metamaterial inspired sensors are based on perfect light absorption. [17,19,22,23] However, the measurement of their reflectance makes both optical alignment and chip integration challenging. [24] Furthermore, metamaterial sensors that are designed for the M-IR are rarely discussed because robust sources, detectors, and efficient components are limited. [25] In addition, despite metamaterial sensors exhibiting excellent sensitivity at their designed frequency, demonstrations of wideband or frequency-swept detection are uncommon. This is because the metamaterial optical response is usually fixed by its dimensions and dielectric properties. [26] Consequently, measurements at different wavelengths using a single metamaterial device are impossible. Recently, metamaterials that are tuned by integrating graphene, [27] vanadium dioxide, [28] liquid crystals, [29] and metal hydrides [30] were investigated. Particularly, the graphene [27] and vanadium dioxide [28] based metasurfaces are promising for dynamically tuning plasmonic induced transparency.Note, these tuning mechanisms tend to be impractical in the M-IR region because the materials involved have a strong Drude contribution to the dielectric function. The M-IR region is, however, an important spectral band where there exists an atmospheric transparency window and molecular vibrational fingerprints. [31][32][33] Chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) have a remarkable portfolio of properties. [34][35][36] In particular, unlike silica glasses, the low phonon energies of chalcogenides allow them to be transparent in the M-IR. [37] The fast switching between two structural states of the phase change data storage material, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST), make it ideal for active photonic devices. [34,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Notably, in the M-IR region GST exhibits a pronounced contrast in the real part of the permittivity (ε r ), and a negligibly small ratio of the imaginary (ε i ) to the ε r , indicating low absorptive losses. [49,50] In addition, it is now possible to design the nanostructure of GST to achieve specific switching characteristics. [51,52] Thus, there is evidence that chalcogenide PCMs can enable practical spectroscopically programmable M-IR metamaterials.In this work, we demonstrate a phase change material tuned transmissive M-IR metasurface. The metasurface consists of an array of Au square pillars stacked above a GST switchable layer. Contrary to other metal-dielectric-metal trilayer reflective metamaterials, our design works in transmission mode by avoidingThe intense light-matter interaction of plasmonic metasurfaces provides an appealing platform for optical sensing. To date, most metasurface sensors are not spectrally tuned. Mo...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

Dong

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

122

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“…The calculated results are consistent with our measured results (see Figure S4, Supporting Information). Recently, it has been shown that an electrical phase transition of Ge‐Te optical modulators can be possible, hence implying the possibility of electrically tuned chip nonlinear optical source based on the air/GST/Au planar cavity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Index Ge₂Sb₂Te₅‐Based Fabry–Perot Cavity and Its Application for Third‐Harmonic Generation

Cao

Liu

Tang

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Third-order harmonic generation (THG) plays a vital role in microscopy, optical communications, etc. Conventional methods of obtaining efficient THG in macroscopic crystals is already mature; however, they will finally limit the miniaturization and integration of on-chip laser sources. To date, THG from either photonic crystals or metamaterials provides compact photonic platforms; however, selection of materials remains elusive. Herein, a giant enhancement of THG efficiency from an air/high index Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST)/gold multi-layered Fabry-Perot cavity is experimentally demonstrated. At cavity resonant wavelength in near-infrared regime, the efficiency of THG from a 50-nm thick amorphous GST planar film is boosted 422 times compared to that of nonresonant conditions. Interestingly, the THG efficiency has a dramatic decrease of three orders when the structural state of GST is transformed from amorphous to crystalline. These findings have a potential for achieving an ultracompact nonlinear optical source with high efficiency and switchable functionality.

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“…Conductive bridging MIM switches are identified as a versatile and promising RF switching solution since the past few years. This technology has certain specific advantages like improved reliability, ease of fabrication, lower process temperature and similar, in comparison to sibling counter parts of memristive switching family, like the Phase Change Memory (PCM) switches [16], [26]. Several compositions of ion-conductors are found suitable for MIM switch applications.…”

Section: Nafion Based Nano-ionic Conductive Bridging Mim Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Volatile Conductive-Bridging Metal-Insulator-Metal Switches for Rewritable ‘RF Barcodes’

Jayakrishnan

Vena

Susanti

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA)

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This paper address the advantage and additional functionalities obtained by using integrated nonvolatile nanoionic conductive bridging metal-insulator-metal (MIM) switches for rewritable chipless RFID applications. Improvement in reliability and ease of fabrication on using Nafion as an ion-conductor for MIM switching applications is discussed. A brief review of devices realized using the proposed technique is given. A novel idea of realization of a shape and frequency rewritable resonator structure for chipless RFID applications is also discussed with the help of full wave electromagnetic simulation studies.

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Low-loss latching microwave switch using thermally pulsed non-volatile chalcogenide phase change materials

Abstract: Low resistance, high dynamic range reconfigurable phase change switch for radio frequency applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

A High‐Index Ge₂Sb₂Te₅‐Based Fabry–Perot Cavity and Its Application for Third‐Harmonic Generation

Non-Volatile Conductive-Bridging Metal-Insulator-Metal Switches for Rewritable ‘RF Barcodes’

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Low-loss latching microwave switch using thermally pulsed non-volatile chalcogenide phase change materials

Abstract: Low resistance, high dynamic range reconfigurable phase change switch for radio frequency applications

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

A High‐Index Ge2Sb2Te5‐Based Fabry–Perot Cavity and Its Application for Third‐Harmonic Generation

Non-Volatile Conductive-Bridging Metal-Insulator-Metal Switches for Rewritable ‘RF Barcodes’

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A High‐Index Ge₂Sb₂Te₅‐Based Fabry–Perot Cavity and Its Application for Third‐Harmonic Generation