Low loss and magnetic field-tunable superconducting terahertz metamaterial

Jin, Biaobing; Zhang, Caihong; Engelbrecht, Sebastian; Pimenov, A.; Wu, Jingbo; Xu, Qinyin; Cao, Chunhong; Chen, Jian; Xu, Wei; Kang, Lin; Wu, Peiheng

doi:10.1364/oe.18.017504

Cited by 109 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Part of the goal of superconducting metamaterials, mainly focusing on the microwave frequency range, is to reduce the resonant losses and improve the resonance quality factor [128][129][130][131], since at low temperature superconducting materials possess superior conductivity than metals at frequencies up to low THz. It was found that the metamaterial resonance, including resonance strength and frequency, could be tuned by applying external dc or rf magnetic fields [132,133] in addition to changing the temperature. It has also been extended to the THz frequency range using high temperature superconducting (HTS) films [134,135], where THz radiation would not easily break Cooper pairs and the low temperature THz conductivity is still rather high enabling a strong THz metamaterial resonant response.…”

Section: Superconducting Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials

Chen

O’Hara

Azad

et al. 2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

159

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During the past decade electromagnetic metamaterials have realized many exotic phenomena that are difficult or impossible using naturally occurring materials. It is their resonantly enhanced interaction with electromagnetic waves that underpins their attractive qualities, which are increasingly important in the terahertz frequency range. Passive and active terahertz metamaterials and devices have enabled novel functionality and unprecedented terahertz device performance. These demonstrations prove their potential to address the so-called terahertz gap, a technology vacuum associated with the deficiency of natural materials with a desirable terahertz response.

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Section: Superconducting Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials

Chen

O’Hara

Azad

et al. 2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…16,17 To realize tunability in metamaterials, various approaches have been demonstrated to vary effective electromagnetic properties via laser light illumination, 17,18 external magnetostatic fields, 19 external bias voltages, 16,20,21 electrical or thermal effects in liquid crystals [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and nonlinear effects of resonators or subtrates. 16,17,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Alternatively, structural reconfiguration is a novel and straightforward method for controlling the electromagnetic properties, including the amplitude, polarization and directionality of the metamaterial structures. The properties of metamaterials can be directly modified by reconfiguring the fundamental building block of the metamaterial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable multiband terahertz metamaterials using a reconfigurable electric split-ring resonator array

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate micromachined reconfigurable metamaterials working at multiple frequencies simultaneously in the terahertz range. The proposed metamaterial structures can be structurally reconfigured by employing flexible microelectromechanical system-based cantilevers in the resonators, which are designed to deform out of plane under an external stimulus. The proposed metamaterial structures provide not only multiband resonance frequency operation but also polarization-dependent tunability. Three kinds of metamaterials are investigated as electric split-ring resonator (eSRR) arrays with different positions of the split. By moving the position of the split away from the resonator's center, the eSRR exhibits anisotropy, with the dipole resonance splitting into two resonances. The dipole-dipole coupling strength can be continuously adjusted, which enables the electromagnetic response to be tailored by adjusting the direct current (DC) voltage between the released cantilevers and the silicon substrate. The observed tunability of the eSRRs is found to be dependent on the polarization of the incident terahertz wave. This polarization-dependent tunability is demonstrated by both experimental measurements and electromagnetic simulations. Keywords: MEMS; reconfigurable metamaterials; split-ring resonator; terahertz; tunability INTRODUCTION Electromagnetic waves in the terahertz (THz) frequency range have received tremendous attention due to their various advantages. Much research has been carried out to characterize the interactions of these waves with matter, for which potential applications include medical imaging, security screening and non-destructive evaluation. However, there are still several restrictions that limit the full exploitation of fruitful applications covering the THz region due to the lack of an appropriate response at these frequencies for many naturally existing materials. [1][2][3][4] As artificially structured electromagnetic materials, metamaterials have been extensively investigated for the possibility of creating novel electromagnetic properties that are not available in natural materials, such as a negative refractive index, superlensing and cloaking.1-4 The electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of metamaterials can be designed for desired specifications and can be scaled to operate over nearly the entire electromagnetic spectrum. These artificial materials could find potential applications in the development of novel THz devices, which is traditionally difficult to achieve due to the absence of suitable functional sources and detectors. [5][6][7][8][9] Due to the limitations of fabrication and characterization technology, 10-12 investigations of metamaterial-based devices were initially implemented in the microwave frequency range. Metamaterials that operate in the THz range have attracted intense interest along with the advancement of fabrication technologies. 7,[13][14][15] Inspired by the realization of tunability, the research on metamaterials has been extended from the structura...

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“…Superconductors, on the other hand, are intrinsically nonlinear materials, due to the extreme sensitivity of the superconducting state in external stimuli [7,8], which moreover exhibit significantly reduced Ohmic losses. They thus provide unique opportunities to the researchers in the field for the fabrication of superconducting metamaterials with highly controllable effective electromagnetic properties including wideband tuneability [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their operation frequency spans a huge range, from zero [51,52,53,54] to microwaves [55,18,56,19,32] and to Terahertz [11,12,37,57,38,39,40,15,58,59,41,42] and visible [45] frequencies. Moreover, researchers rely on particular superconducting devices to access the trully quantum metamaterial regime [30,60,61,62,63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-band tuneability, nonlinear transmission, and dynamic multistability in SQUID metamaterials

2014

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Superconducting metamaterials comprising rf SQUIDs (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices) have been recently realized and investigated with respect to their tuneability, permeability and dynamic multistability properties. These properties are a consequence of intrinsic nonlinearities due to the sensitivity of the superconducting state to external stimuli. SQUIDs, made of a superconducting ring interrupted by a Josephson junction, possess yet another source of nonlinearity, which makes them widely tuneable with an applied dc dlux. A model SQUID metamaterial, based on electric equivalent circuits, is used in the weak coupling approximation to demonstrate the dc flux tuneability, dynamic multistability, and nonlinear transmission in SQUID metamaterials comprising non-hysteretic SQUIDs. The model equations reproduce the experimentally observed tuneability patterns, and predict tuneability with the power of an applied ac magnetic magnetic field. Moreover, the results indicate the opening of nonlinear frequency bands for energy transmission through SQUID metamaterials, for sufficiently strong ac fields.

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Low loss and magnetic field-tunable superconducting terahertz metamaterial

Cited by 109 publications

References 22 publications

Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials

Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials

Tunable multiband terahertz metamaterials using a reconfigurable electric split-ring resonator array

Wide-band tuneability, nonlinear transmission, and dynamic multistability in SQUID metamaterials

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