Low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction prevent renal function decline: The role of the redox balance, angiotensin 1–7 and vasopressin✰,✰✰

Effect of Blood Flow Restriction on Functional, Physiological and Structural Variables of Muscle in Patients with Chronic Pathologies: A Systematic Review

“…The variables evaluated were strength, structural and physiological changes of the muscle and cardiovascular variables at the blood level. The results of the strength variable are shown in Table 2, using a total of six assessment tools such as the dynamometer [42,44,45], 1 maximum repetition [46,47], 10 maximum repetitions [46], central activation ratio [37], manual muscle test [48] and kinetic communicator [48]. Among all, the dynamometer is the most used, presenting significant heterogeneity as a consequence of the use of different units of measurements and assessment of different anatomical areas, together with the estimation of 1 maximum repetition, where its mean is 112.83 kg, varying between 0.66 kg [37] and 430.6 kg [41]; however, it does not present homogeneity in the evaluation units or the results, due to the variety of exercises used.…”

“…All imaging techniques are widely used in diagnosis and clinical follow-up; however, at the same time, they all present a series of strengths and weaknesses that must be taken into account when interpreting the results. Table 3 shows structural muscle changes; data were collected from the following four assessment tools: intranuclear magnetic resonance [36,49], ultrasound [37], measuring tape [35,44,50] and computerized tomography [46,47]. Of the different assessment tools, both intranuclear magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound showed significant heterogeneity between their results as a consequence of using different units of measurement in the data-collection step, as well as the different muscle groups assessed.…”

Are Resistance Training-Induced BDNF in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Strength? An Insight for the Muscle–Brain–Renal Axis

“…The presented arguments are results from a relay on the available literature with speculative character. Even so, robust evidence demonstrated that RT has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and a positive impact on the metabolism profile and muscle strength [ 12 , 14 , 28 ], which may contribute to BDNF levels enhancement, mental health, and quality of life of patients with CKD.…”

“…This study is part of a large trial registered on the Brazilian clinical trials registration: Available online: , accessed on 28 July 2021, no. RBR-3gpg5w and also registered in the World Health Organization international clinical trial registry platform: Available online: , no U1111-1237-8231 (30 July 2019) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…In this field, a growing body of evidence shows the effectiveness of resistance training (RT) as an additional treatment tool for patients with CKD at any stage. Recently, research showed that long-term RT performed by patients with CKD improved cardiac autonomic function, muscle strength, redox profile, and down-regulate inflammation-related markers [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, whether RT can modulate BDNF in hemodialysis patients is unknown.…”