Low levels of cadmium exposure induce DNA damage and oxidative stress in the liver of Oujiang colored common carp Cyprinus carpio var. color

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) compounds are widely distributed toxic environmental and industrial pollutants, and they may bring danger to growth and development of aquatic organisms. In China, the Oujiang color common carp, Cyprinus carpio var. color, is a very important fish, from an economic point of view, and is well used for fish culture in paddy fields. The purpose of this study was to show the low concentrations of cadmium-induced oxidative stress response and DNA damage in the livers of Cyprinus carpio var. color. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in liver were measured after exposure to Cd levels (0.41, 0.52, 0.69, 1.03 and 2.06 mg/L, respectively) for 7 days and compared with the control groups. DNA damage, including indicators of damage percentage, DNA tail length (TL) and DNA tail moment (TM) were also analyzed by comet assays. Results showed that MDA and GSH levels in all treatment groups increased significantly relative to the controls (P < 0.01). Treatment with Cd at concentration of 0.41 mg/L increased SOD activity, while treatment with Cd at concentrations >0.41 mg/L inhibited SOD activities. DNA damage percentage, TL and TM also significantly increased when the Cd level was >0.41 mg/L. Positive correlations were also found between DNA damage levels and MDA levels (r = 0.74 for DNA damage percentage, r = 0.83 for TL, r = 0.84 for TM; P < 0.01 for all) as well as between GSH and MDA levels (r = 0.77, P < 0.01). These results strongly suggested that Cd-induced DNA damage in the livers of Cyprinus carpio var. color was due to lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.

Effect of dietary chitosan on growth performance, haematology, immune response, intestine morphology, intestine microbiota and disease resistance in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

“…MDA is an oxidative by-product of hydroxyl radical (OH À ) converted from H 2 O 2 attack on the membrane lipids. Its content could directly reflect the degree of lipids peroxidation (Jia et al 2011). The negative association between SOD activity and MDA found in the present study had also been reported in previous studies (Tocher et al 2002;Hu et al 2011;Jia et al 2011).…”

“…Its content could directly reflect the degree of lipids peroxidation (Jia et al . ). The negative association between SOD activity and MDA found in the present study had also been reported in previous studies (Tocher et al .…”

“…; Jia et al . ). It suggested that both the oxidation and antioxidant could be accelerated by chitosan (Cho et al .…”

Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review

“…Both increases and decreases in GSH have been observed, depending on field and experimental conditions (Kovarova et al, 2009;Cao et al, 2010;Jia et al, 2011).…”

Effects of dietary propolis and vitamin E on growth performance and antioxidant status in blood of juvenile Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) under different flow rates

“…SOD is an important antioxidant enzyme to inhibit oxyradical formation and is usually used as a biomarker to indicate oxidative stres. Superoxide dismutase, a cytosolic enzyme that is specific for scavenging superoxide radicals, is involved in protective mechanisms within tissue injury following oxidative process and phagocytosis (JIA et al 2010, LOPEZ-TORRES et al 1993. The higher the SOD value is, the more superoxide radicals need to be reacted.…”