Low level sodium ion measurement with the glass electrode

Ion selective electrodes, potentiometry, and potentiometric titrations

“…Use of sodium-selective electrodes for exceedingly low sodium activities in nearly pure process waters involved measurement of base cation responses to determine the least interfering buffer systems at pH 11.0-11.6. Diisopropylamine is preferred (240). Poten biometry at higher sodium activities is discussed by Tarasyants et al (935) and sodium in saline soil has been deter- mined after displacement by barium (7IS).…”

Sample flow velocity and low level sodium ion measurement with the glass electrode

“…Also, in sodium ion measurement, the design of the flow passageway is important to prevent reference electrode solution from reaching the sensor bulb through turbulence. Recommendations have been given for coping with these problems (6). In sodium ion measurements, the high conductivity of sample water resulting from addition of base should safeguard the system from streaming potential effects.…”

“…Low level sodium ion measurements are useful in power generation and the electronics industry for continuously monitoring high purity process water to guard against contamination (2-5). Preferred conditions relating to base reagent addition for measurements down to 0.1 ppb have been described (6,7). The desirability of having flowing samples, at least at moderate flow rate, is generally recognized.…”

Glass electrode responses interpreted by the solid state homogeneous- and heterogeneous-site membrane potential theory

“…The sodium errors of several pH glasses (in pH units) are collected in Bates (5), Mattock and Taylor (6), and Simon and Wegmann (7). Mixture responses for sodium and other cation-selective compositions are presented in a review (3) and in a book edited by Eisenman (4), and in papers by Savage and Isard (8), Eckfeldt and Proctor (9), Townsing, Posner, and Quirk (10), Stefanac and Simon (11), and Shultz (12). The Beckman No.…”