Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli

Xiao-ming, Ben; Li, Juan; Feng, Zongtai; Shi, Shanshan; Lu, Ya-Dong; Chen, Rui; Zhou, Xiaoyu

doi:10.3748/wjg.14.6564

Cited by 132 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Infants fed formula supplemented with GOS (2.4 or 4.4 g/L) had lower fecal pH, as seen in BF infants, in comparison with infants fed non-supplemented formula. 91,93 Similar patterns were also observed when inulin, LOS, AOS, scGOS/lcFOS or scFOS/lcFOS/AOS was administrated to FF infants. 107,108,112,113 The effect of prebiotics on stool frequency and consistency has been evaluated in a systematic review.…”

Section: (Us)supporting

confidence: 52%

“…116,117 BF infants generally have lower fecal pH and softer and more frequent stools compared to FF infants 91,92,118 ; therefore, several clinical studies have evaluated the influence of prebiotics on stool characteristics of infants (Table 2). Infants fed formula supplemented with GOS (2.4 or 4.4 g/L) had lower fecal pH, as seen in BF infants, in comparison with infants fed non-supplemented formula.…”

Section: (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control (21) scGOSClcFOS (19) HM as reference (29) Inulin, 1. Control (21) HM as reference (29) AOS(2 g/L) [91][92][93][94]96,99 Fewer studies have assessed changes in overall fecal microbial communities by next-generation sequencing or microarray approaches. 95 With the new prebiotic definition, 83 in the future, research should shift from a focus on selective microbial group/species toward ecological and functional characteristics of the GI microbiota and on defining the mechanisms whereby any health benefits of prebiotics are achieved.…”

Section: (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

2017

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The development of the human infant intestinal microbiota is a sequential process that begins in utero and continues during the first 2 to 3 years of life. Microbial composition and diversity are shaped by host genetics and multiple environmental factors, of which diet is a principal contributor. An understanding of this process is of clinical importance as the microbiota acquired in early life influence gastrointestinal, immune and neural development, and reduced microbial diversity or dysbiosis during infancy is associated with disorders in infancy and later childhood. The goal of this article was to review the published literature that used culture-independent methods to describe the development of the gastrointestinal microbiota in breast-and formula-fed human infants as well as the impact of prebiotic and probiotic addition to infant formula, and the addition of solid foods.

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Section: (Us)supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

2017

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“…In a previous study (25,32), we reported a significant and remarkably specific enrichment of Bifidobacterium populations in human subjects during dietary supplementation with GOS (as demonstrated by 454 sequencing, genus-specific qRT-PCR, and quantitative culture), which is in agreement with data from other GOS feeding studies (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Cultural enumeration of fecal samples during the human trial allowed us to identify individuals in which bifidobacteria were enriched by GOS and from whom strains likely to utilize GOS in vivo could be selected.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

In Vivo Selection To Identify Bacterial Strains with Enhanced Ecological Performance in Synbiotic Applications

Krumbeck

Maldonado-Gómez

Martínez

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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One strategy for enhancing the establishment of probiotic bacteria in the human intestinal tract is via the parallel administration of a prebiotic, which is referred to as a synbiotic. Here we present a novel method that allows a rational selection of putative probiotic strains to be used in synbiotic applications: in vivo selection (IVS). This method consists of isolating candidate probiotic strains from fecal samples following enrichment with the respective prebiotic. To test the potential of IVS, we isolated bifidobacteria from human subjects who consumed increasing doses of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) for 9 weeks. A retrospective analysis of the fecal microbiota of one subject revealed an 8-fold enrichment in Bifidobacterium adolescentis strain IVS-1 during GOS administration. The functionality of GOS to support the establishment of IVS-1 in the gastrointestinal tract was then evaluated in rats administered the bacterial strain alone, the prebiotic alone, or the synbiotic combination. Strain-specific quantitative real-time PCR showed that the addition of GOS increased B. adolescentis IVS-1 abundance in the distal intestine by nearly 2 logs compared to rats receiving only the probiotic. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing not only confirmed the increased establishment of IVS-1 in the intestine but also revealed that the strain was able to outcompete the resident Bifidobacterium population when provided with GOS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IVS can be used to successfully formulate a synergistic synbiotic that can substantially enhance the establishment and competitiveness of a putative probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract.T he mechanistic role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining human health has been well demonstrated (1-3). Gut microbes provide several important benefits for their host, including provision of nutrients, development and maturation of the immune system, and protection against pathogens via colonization resistance (4). However, the gut microbiota may also contribute to obesity, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and other chronic disease states (5-7). Such diseases are often associated with compositional alterations in the fecal microbiota, a condition referred to as "dysbiosis" (8). Given that the presence of specific types of bacteria and their relative abundance within the gut are considered to affect host health, there is much interest in devising strategies that modulate gut microbiota composition and potentially redress disease-related dysbiotic patterns (9).Dietary approaches currently available to modulate the gut microbiota include prebiotics (10-12), fermentable fibers (13, 14), probiotics (or live biotherapeutics) (15), and synbiotics, which are a combination of a probiotic and a prebiotic (11, 16). According to Kolida and Gibson (16), synbiotics can be either complementary or synergistic. Complementary synbiotics consist of a probiotic and a prebiotic selected to independently confer benefits to the host. In contrast, sy...

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“…Host-microbe interaction occurs along mucosal surfaces in the intestine of host. By mutual interaction with host, gut microbiota play essential roles in providing vital functions to host, such as protection against epithelial cell injury (Rakoff et al, 2004), metabolic regulation (Stappenbeck et al, 2002), GI tract development (Stappenbeck et al, 2001), immunomodulation by development of innate and adaptive immune responses, and absorption of nutrients (Fredrik et al, 2005;Ben et al, 2008).…”

Section: Composition Of Gut Microbiota and Its Interactions With Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis: current challenges and perspectives

2013

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Brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are intimately connected to form a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system. The communication between gut and brain, knows as the gut-brain axis, is so well established that the functional status of gut is always related to the condition of brain. The researches on the gut-brain axis were traditionally focused on the psychological status affecting the function of the GI tract. However, recent evidences showed that gut microbiota communicates with the brain via the gut-brain axis to modulate brain development and behavioral phenotypes. These recent fi ndings on the new role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis implicate that gut microbiota could associate with brain functions as well as neurological diseases via the gut-brain axis. To elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, precise identification of the composition of microbes constituting gut microbiota is an essential step. However, identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota has been the main technological challenge currently due to massive amount of intestinal microbes and the diffi culties in culture of gut microbes. Current methods for identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota are dependent on omics analysis methods by using advanced high tech equipment. Here, we review the association of gut microbiota with the gut-brain axis, including the pros and cons of the current high throughput methods for identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis.

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Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli

Cited by 132 publications

References 24 publications

The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

The role of early life nutrition in the establishment of gastrointestinal microbial composition and function

In Vivo Selection To Identify Bacterial Strains with Enhanced Ecological Performance in Synbiotic Applications

The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis: current challenges and perspectives

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