Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications

Abstract

This work presents a characterization of a low-cost, low-latency Visible Light Communication (VLC) prototype for infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication for future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The system consists of a regular traffic light as a transmitter (the red light is modulated with the information), and a photodetector as a receiver. The latter is equipped with low-cost Fresnel lenses as condensers, namely, 1 ′ ′ Fresnel and 2 ′ ′ Fresnel, to increase the optical gain of the system at the receiver. The system is capable of Active Decode and Relay (ADR) of information to further incoming units. The experimental characterization of amplitude and Packet Error Rate (PER) for the proposed system has been performed for distances up to 50 m. The results show that by incorporating the 2 ′ ′ Fresnel lens in the photodetector, an error free ( PER ≤ 10 − 5 ) I2V communication is established up to 50 m. Furthermore, the prototype can be used for both broadcast and beaconing transmission modes. This low-cost VLC-based system could offer sub-millisecond latency in the full ADR process for distances up to 36 m, which makes it suitable for integration in Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) and 5G platforms.

A Top-Down Survey on Optical Wireless Communications for the Internet of Things

“…Singlephoton avalanche diodes (SPADs), characterized by their high sensitivity, can withstand adverse weather conditions when used in vehicular VLC systems [167]. Moreover, the low latency of light propagation makes VLC an adequate tool to communicate safety-related and critical messages [168].…”

Smart License Plate in Combination with Fluorescent Concentrator for Vehicular Visible Light Communication System

“…Visible light communication (VLC) is considered a candidate to supplement the intelligent transportation system (ITS) with the recent development of high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) devices. Since LED lamps are already widely used in vehicles and roadside units, an active investigation on V2V-VLC utilizing such optical resources is ongoing globally [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The impact of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) channels on communication performance was simulated in Ref.…”

“…Since weather condition is one of the key factors that greatly influence communication using visible light, Fresnel lens and red LED with multiple Tx/Rx system was implemented to minimize the detrimental impact in Refs. [ 7 , 8 ]. To mitigate the effect of sunlight, a method of moving transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) adaptively to the ambient light was introduced [ 9 ].…”

Visible Light Communication for Connected Vehicles: How to Achieve the Omnidirectional Coverage?

“…The widespread utilization of light emitting diode (LED)-based headlights (HLs), taillights (TLs), street lights, and traffic lights in vehicles and road side infrastructures has further prompted the investigation of visible light communication (VLC) as a potential candidate for vehicular connectivity [8]- [12]. VLC is based on the idea of modulating the light intensity of LEDs to transmit information and enables the dual use of exterior automotive and infrastructure lighting for both illumination and communication purposes [13], [14].…”