Low-Latency Polling Schemes for Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks

Kiaei, Mohammad S.; Fouli, Kerim; Scheutzow, Michael; Maier, Martin; Reisslein, Martin; Assi, Chadi

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2013.061013.120097

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…We consider a 100 km distance for the LR Fi-WSN because in the literature, LR-PON systems commonly use this distance. Moreover, distances greater than 100 km involves higher fiber split ratios which reduces the bandwidth allocated to each ONU [41]. In Table 5, we observe that the implementation of our XWMOC mechanism succeeds in reducing the delay below the maximum requirements for the LR Fi-WSN.…”

Section: Case Study a Delays For Smart Grid Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Fiber-Wireless Sensor Networks QoS Mechanism for Smart Grid Applications

Akerele¹,

Al‐Anbagi

Erol‐Kantarci

2019

IEEE Access

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Smart grid applications, such as teleprotection, synchrophasors, remote condition monitoring, and control of assets, require timely and reliable data communication systems. Many communication architectures and solutions have been proposed to provide support for these smart grid applications, including fiber networks, wireless mobile networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and so on. The use of heterogeneous solutions is an attractive architecture option since it combines the advantages of two or more communication systems to meet the delay and reliability requirements of the smart grid. Fiber-wireless sensor networks (Fi-WSNs) are gaining popularity as a reliable communication infrastructure in many other applications. This is due to the low cost, reliability, availability, the distributed nature of the WSNs, and the high bandwidth and reliability of the optical fiber networks. Although the Fi-WSNs systems can provide a good delay performance, they may not meet the requirements of the above smart grid delay-critical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive and cross-layer service differentiation mechanism for the Fi-WSNs. The proposed mechanism implements an adaptive scheduling mechanism and allows WSNs to cooperate with the optical network unit (ONU) to reduce the delay for high priority traffic. We determine the effects of the proposed mechanism on the quality of service (QoS) of delay critical smart grid monitoring applications in terms of the end-to-end delay and reliability. We show through simulations that our proposed QoS mechanism can reduce the end-to-end delay in the Fi-WSN system and in the long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs). We also show that our mechanism can outperform the existing techniques under the same traffic and network conditions.

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Section: Case Study a Delays For Smart Grid Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Fiber-Wireless Sensor Networks QoS Mechanism for Smart Grid Applications

Akerele¹,

Al‐Anbagi

Erol‐Kantarci

2019

IEEE Access

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“…The wavelength assignment problem, however, is out of the scope of this paper, as we focus on LR-PON solutions with a logical connectivity similar to an EPON. Another algorithm that has been proposed is real-time polling [32], which requires additional functionality, such as orthogonal optical coders at the ONUs. The use of orthogonal coders will make the system cost prohibitive, and thus we did not consider it for the comparison.…”

Section: B Other Important Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE Polling With Void Filling: Overcoming Performance Degradation in LR-PONs

Dixit

Lannoo

Colle

et al. 2015

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Several dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms have been proposed for long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs). The gains in the current protocols, however, are incremental and limited to a specific range of loads. Using an analytical framework, we first examine the main sources of performance degradation specific to LR-PONs. From this, we conclude that there is a large scope for improvement in the performance by using an optimal cycle length, which is not influenced by reach, and which polls users according to their reported load while providing opportunities for pre-granting bandwidth at the optical network units. The fraction of bandwidth that is pre-granted should be decreased with load. To tailor these optimal design concepts in a DBA algorithm, we propose Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE polling with Voidfilling (S-AMGAV), which reduces both the delay bound and packet loss rate by at least 50% when compared to the stateof-the-art DBAs like interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (IPACT), IPACT with grant estimation (IPACT-GE), multi-thread polling (MTP), double phase polling (DPP), gate driven (GD), and AMGAV. S-AMGAV also maintains simplicity of the protocol while removing bandwidth inefficiencies prevailing in the existing protocols. We verify the usefulness of the algorithm through both analytical modeling and simulations.

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“…Furthermore, note that the aforementioned OC-enabled ONUs can be realized by using low-cost fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for remote encoding, reflection, and modulation, which are completely unpowered components and thus help maintain the passive nature of NG-PONs [54]. For further information on RTP and OC-enhanced NG-PONs we refer the interested reader to [55].…”

Section: Real-time Pollingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Escape of Sisyphus or What “Post NG-PON2” Should Do Apart from Neverending Capacity Upgrades

Maier¹

2014

Photonics

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The primary design goal of (r)evolutionary NG-PON1&2 was the provisioning of an ever increasing capacity to cope with video-dominated traffic and handle the explosion of mobile data traffic by means of offloading. Recently, however, questions on the future of "post NG-PON2" have surfaced whether to shift its research focus to business and operation related aspects and move access technology into a substantially different direction than continued capacity upgrades. In fact, recent studies indicate that ultimately the major factor limiting the performance of 4G mobile networks is latency rather than capacity of the backhaul. In this paper, we review recently proposed low-latency techniques for NG-PONs that require architectural modifications at the remote node or distribution fiber level and highlight advanced network coding and real-time polling based low-latency techniques that can be implemented in software, enable NG-PONs to carry higher traffic loads and thereby extend their lifetime, and maintain the passive nature of existent optical distribution networks. Furthermore, we elaborate on emerging trends and open challenges for future post NG-PON2 research. To better understand their true potential, we put them into a wider non-technical and historical perspective leading up to a sustainable Third Industrial Revolution (TIR) economy and its underlying Energy Internet.

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Low-Latency Polling Schemes for Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

A Fiber-Wireless Sensor Networks QoS Mechanism for Smart Grid Applications

A Fiber-Wireless Sensor Networks QoS Mechanism for Smart Grid Applications

Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE Polling With Void Filling: Overcoming Performance Degradation in LR-PONs

The Escape of Sisyphus or What “Post NG-PON2” Should Do Apart from Neverending Capacity Upgrades

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