Low Interleukin 10 Production at Birth Is a Risk Factor for Atopic Dermatitis in Neonates with <b><i>Bifidobacterium</i></b> Colonization

Abstract

Background: Altered regulatory immune responses to microbial stimuli and intestinal colonization of beneficial bacteria early in life may contribute to the development of allergic diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis [AD]). However, few reports have investigated these factors simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to analyze neonatal immune responses to microbial stimuli as well as intestinal colonization of beneficial bacteria, in relation to the development of AD in a birth cohort. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited, and their infants were followed up until 7 months of age. Levels of interleukin (IL)-10 released from cord-blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) stimulated with heat-killed gram-positive bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) and Lactobacillus-derived peptidoglycan were measured. Fecal Bifidobacterium counts at 4 days and 1 month were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The development of AD was determined by means of a questionnaire at 7 months of age. Results: The levels of released IL-10 were significantly lower in infants with AD (n = 17) than in infants without AD (n = 53) for all stimuli. In infants with fecal Bifidobacterium, the incidence of AD was inversely associated with the release of IL-10 from cord blood mononuclear cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that impaired IL-10 production in response to microbial stimuli at birth may be associated with an increased risk of developing infantile AD, even in infants with early colonization of intestinal bifidobacteria.

The gut microbiome alterations in allergic and inflammatory skin diseases – an update

“…Reduced early amounts of Escherichia coli were shown to impair interleukin 10 regulation, which low levels were also associated with Bifidobacterium colonization and AD risk …”

“…122,123 Reduced early amounts of Escherichia coli were shown to impair interleukin 10 regulation, which low levels were also associated with Bifidobacterium colonization and AD risk. 123,124 Alopecia areata Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by nonscarring hair loss, which may present itself at any age in the form of oval hair loss patches as well as complete scalp and/ or body hair loss. 123 Literature data provide specific evidence of gut microbiota role in proper hair maintenance.…”

Early immunologic changes during the onset of atopic dermatitis

“…35 In line, low IL-10 production from cord blood cells stimulated with antigens from commensal bacteria is a risk factor for AD development in neonates. 36 Most T cells within AD lesions are CD45RO þ memory cells that express the skin-homing receptor cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). 37 Toddlers and children with AD show a suppressed and delayed development of skin-homing Th1 cells compared with control subjects, 18,25,27 with expanded numbers of skin-homing CLA þ Th2 cells, as opposed to other blood T-cell subsets such as Th22 cells, which are expanded only later in life in AD individuals.…”

The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases

“…Several studies have supported a connection of altered microbiota composition with the beginning of several different autoimmune disorders, suggesting its role in the pathogenesis. These include Type I diabetes (45,49); rheumatoid arthritis (50-53); systemic lupus erythematous (54,55); inflammatory bowel disease comprising Cohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (19,56); Bechet's disease (57); autoimmune skin conditions including vitiligo (58), atopic dermatitis (59,60); psoriasis vulgaris (61), and autoimmune neurological diseases (62,63). About 5-10% of the variability of bacterial taxa ascertained among individuals should be explained by genetic.…”