Low Interferon-γ Levels in Cord and Peripheral Blood of Pregnant Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2

Cennamo, Michele; Civita, Evelina La; Sarno, Laura; Carbone, Gianluigi; Somma, Sarah Di; Cabaro, Serena; Troisi, Jacopo; Sirico, Angelo; Improda, Francesco Paolo; Guida, Maurizio; Terracciano, Daniela; Portella, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010223

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In fact, in normal pregnancy and immunocompetent physiological conditions, IFN-γ plays a pivotal immunomodulatory role [ 46 ], thus it might be supposed that SARS-CoV-2 infection could affect the pregnancy course by specifically modulating IFN-γ levels. This hypothesis is supported by Cennamo et al, who observed significantly lower IFN-γ amounts in the peripheral and cord blood of pregnant COVID-19-infected women ( Figure 1 ), suggesting that this alteration, possibly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection as an attempt to subvert the IFN-γ antiviral effect, could affect the fetal microenvironment, increasing the viral susceptibility of newborns [ 47 ].…”

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confidence: 55%

“…This is also true concerning the reproductive system and particularly pregnancy, where SARS-CoV-2 can take advantage of the peculiar maternal immune system asset, affecting pregnancy outcomes and the fetal microenvironment [ 47 ]. In fact, an efficient immune activation is essential to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection, at both innate and acquired levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 Systemic Effects: New Clues

et al. 2023

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confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Systemic Effects: New Clues

et al. 2023

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“…A change in pregnancy protocols was observed, with a significant reduction in the number of invasive prenatal procedures [3]. So far, there is little evidence of vertical transmission from mother to fetus, but there is knowledge that COVID-19 affects the course of pregnancy even in the case of asymptomatic maternal infection [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Perinatal Outcome of Delta and Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Infection—A Retrospective Observational Study

Karadzov Orlic,

Mandic-Markovic,

Jankovic

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: The aim of the present work was to compare the characteristics of delta and omicron variants of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, the association of infection with comorbidity, clinical manifestation of the disease, type of delivery, and pregnancy outcome. Material and Methods: The study was designed as an observational, retrospective study of a single center. The analysis included the cohort of women who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and/or childbirth in the period from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2023. Results: Out of a total of 675 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 130 gave birth with the delta and 253 with the omicron variant. In our retrospective analysis, pregnant women with both SARS-CoV-2 variants had a mild clinical history in most cases. In the omicron period, a significantly lower incidence of pregnancy loss (p < 0.01) and premature birth (p = 0.62) admission of mothers and newborns to the intensive care unit (p < 0.05) was recorded. Conclusions: In our retrospective analysis, pregnant women with COVID-19 infection generally exhibited a milder clinical manifestation with both variants (delta and omicron) of the viral infection. During the delta-dominant period, ten percent of affected pregnant women experienced a severe clinical history. However, during the omicron-dominant period infection, a significantly lower incidence of complications, pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, and admission of mothers and neonates to the intensive care unit was recorded. This can be partly explained by the greater presence of pregnant women with natural or induced vaccine immunity.

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Serologic evolution and follow-up to IgG antibodies of infants born to mothers with gestational COVID

Vigil-Vázquez,

Manzanares,

Hernanz-Lobo

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background It is known that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy cross the placenta but the duration and the protective effect of these antibodies in infants is scarce. Methods This prospective study included mothers with SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy and their infants from April 2020 to March 2021. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed on women and infants at birth and at two and six months during follow-up. Anthropometrical measures and physical and neurological examinations and a clinical history of symptoms and COVID-19 diagnosis were collected. Simple linear regression was performed to compare categorical and continuous variables. To compare the mother’s and infant’s antibody titers evolution, a mixed linear regression model was used. A predictive model of newborn antibody titers at birth has been established by means of simple stepwise linear regression. Results 51 mother-infant couples were included. 45 (90%) of the mothers and 44 (86.3%) of the newborns had a positive serology al birth. These antibodies were progressively decreasing and were positive in 34 (66.7%) and 7 (13.7%) of infants at 2 and 6 months, respectively. IgG titers of newborns at birth were related to mothers’ titers, with a positive moderate correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.82, p < 0,001). Fetal/maternal antibodies placental transference rate was 1.3 (IQR: 0.7–2.2). The maternal IgG titers at delivery and the type of maternal infection (acute, recent, or past infection) was significantly related with infants’ antibody titers at birth. No other epidemiological or clinical factors were related to antibodies titers. Neurodevelopment, psychomotor development, and growth were normal in 94.2% of infants in the third follow-up visit. No infants had a COVID-19 diagnosis during the follow-up period. Conclusions Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies is high in newborns from mothers with recent or past infection at delivery, but these antibodies decrease after the first months of life. Infant’s IgG titers were related to maternal IgG titers at delivery. Further studies are needed to learn about the protective role of maternal antibodies in infants.

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Low Interferon-γ Levels in Cord and Peripheral Blood of Pregnant Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Systemic Effects: New Clues

SARS-CoV-2 Systemic Effects: New Clues

Comparison of Perinatal Outcome of Delta and Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Infection—A Retrospective Observational Study

Serologic evolution and follow-up to IgG antibodies of infants born to mothers with gestational COVID

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