Low-Intensity Resistance Training with Moderate Blood Flow Restriction Appears Safe and Increases Skeletal Muscle Strength and Size in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study

Ogawa, Hideoki; Nakajima, Toshiaki; Shibasaki, Ikuko; Nasuno, Takahisa; Kaneda, Hidehiro; Katayanagi, Satoshi; Ishizaka, Hayato; Mizushima, Yuta; Uematsu, Azusa; Yasuda, Tomohiro; Yagi, Hiroshi; Toyoda, Shigeru; Hortobágyi, Tibor; Mizushima, Takashi; Inoue, Teruo; Fukuda, Hirotsugu

doi:10.3390/jcm10030547

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…The physical function of low-functioning vs. high-functioning patients increased more with KAATSU RT after 3 months. When used in addition to standard cardiac rehabilitation, low-intensity KAATSU RT has been shown to significantly improve skeletal muscle strength and size in cardiovascular surgery patients [ 77 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Secondary Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Supriya

Singh

et al. 2021

Biology

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Background: Sarcopenia has been recognized as an inevitable part of aging. However, its severity and the age at which it begins cannot be predicted by age alone. The condition can be categorized into primary or age-related sarcopenia and secondary sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is diagnosed as primary when there are no other specific causes. However, secondary sarcopenia occurs if other factors, including malignancy or organ failure, are evident in addition to aging. The prevalence of secondary sarcopenia is far greater than that of primary sarcopenia and requires special attention. To date, nutrition and exercise have proven to be the best methods to combat this disease. The impact of exercise on subjects suffering from sarcopenia with a specific morbidity is worthy of examination for understanding and prevention. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to summarize recent research that has investigated the impact of exercise in patients with secondary sarcopenia, specifically with one comorbidity. Methods: Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline databases were searched comprehensively with no date limit for randomized controlled trials. The literature was specifically searched for clinical trials in which subjects were sarcopenic with only one comorbidity participating in an exercise intervention. The most visible comorbidities identified and used in the search were lung disease, kidney disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, neurological diseases, osteoporosis and arthritis. Results: A total of 1752 studies were identified that matched the keywords. After removing duplicates, there were 1317 articles remaining. We extracted 98 articles for full screening. Finally, we included 21 relevant papers that were used in this review. Conclusion: Despite a strong rationale for using exercise to improve muscle mass, quality or physical function in subjects with cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, lung disease and many more, baseline sarcopenia evaluation has been reported in very few trials. The limited number of studies does not allow us to conclude that exercise can improve sarcopenia in patients with other comorbidities. This review highlights the necessity for wide-ranging research initiatives involving secondary sarcopenic patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Secondary Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Supriya

Singh

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…In relation to the medium term, the experimental group obtained better results than the BFR group in the effort variable, with an average of 15.6% for both members, both healthy and injured [51]. However, the results of the BFR group are similar to those of the experimental group, so it cannot be corroborated that high-load exercises improve fatigue perception more than the low-load exercise group with BFR.…”

Section: Physiological Muscle Changesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Table 4 shows data regarding the variable physiological changes of the muscle, in which up to four assessment tools were used: the Fatigue Severity Scale [39], Modified Fatigue Impact Scale [39], Rating Perceived Exertion Scale [51] and accelerometer [47]. For the subvariable fatigue, a disparity was observed between the results, since two scales and a different range of assessment were used in the same study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results confirm that the application of BFR while walking produces the same benefits as walking, although the difference-in favor of the BFR group-may be due to the fact that a lower pressure than usual was applied in the control group [10]. On the other hand, in the effort variable, no differences were found between the BFR groups and high-load exercise for both legs, showing changes in the Rating Perceived of Exertion (RPE) of 13.9% for the BFR group in the injured limb and 14% and 8% for the control group in the injured leg [51]. This finding may indicate that the BFR tool, together with low-load exercises, can achieve the same levels of effort as high-load exercises and may be due to metabolic stress [57].…”

Section: Physiological Muscle Changesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effect of Blood Flow Restriction on Functional, Physiological and Structural Variables of Muscle in Patients with Chronic Pathologies: A Systematic Review

Reina-Ruiz

Galán-Mercant

Molina-Torres

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The main objective of this systematic review of the current literature is to analyze the changes that blood flow restriction (BFR) causes in subjects with neuro-musculoskeletal and/or systemic pathologies focusing on the following variables: strength, physiological changes, structural changes and cardiocirculatory variables. The search was carried out in seven databases, including randomized clinical trials in which therapeutic exercise was combined with the blood flow restriction tool in populations with musculoskeletal pathologies. Outcome variables are strength, structural changes, physiological changes and cardiocirculatory variables. Twenty studies were included in the present study. Although there is a lot of heterogeneity between the interventions and evaluation instruments, we observed how the restriction of blood flow presents significant differences in the vast majority of the variables analyzed. In addition, we observed how BFR can become a supplement that provides benefits when performed with low intensity, similar to those obtained through high-intensity muscular efforts. The application of the BFR technique can provide benefits in the short and medium term to increase strength, muscle thickness and cardiovascular endurance, even improving the physiological level of the cardiovascular system. In addition, BFR combined with low-load exercises also achieves benefits comparable to high-intensity exercises without the application of BFR, benefiting patients who are unable to lift high loads.

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“…Mechanical stress, hormone production, cell swelling, active oxygen stress such as nitric oxide and heat shock protein, and increased mobilization of fast muscle fibers are considered to be involved in mechanisms that promote muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength improvement 2) . Since KAATSU training can achieve strength training effects even with a light load of about 20% of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM), it is suitable for subjects who have difficulty prescribing high-load resistance training such as the elderly and patients with heart disease, and in rehabilitation patients 3,4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%