Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Dentofacial Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Oral and maxillofacial diseases affect millions of people worldwide and hence tissue engineering can be considered an interesting and clinically relevant approach to regenerate orofacial tissues after being affected by different diseases. Among several innovations for tissue regeneration, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used extensively in medicine as a therapeutic, operative, and diagnostic tool. LIPUS is accepted to promote bone fracture repair and regeneration. Furthermore, the effect of LIPUS on soft tissues regeneration has been paid much attention, and many studies have performed to evaluate the potential use of LIPUS to tissue engineering soft tissues. The present article provides an overview about the status of LIPUS stimulation as a tool to be used to enhance regeneration/tissue engineering. This review consists of five parts. Part 1 is a brief introduction of the acoustic description of LIPUS and mechanical action. In Part 2, biological problems in dentofacial tissue engineering are proposed. Part 3 explores biologic mechanisms of LIPUS to cells and tissues in living body. In Part 4, the effectiveness of LIPUS on cell metabolism and tissue regeneration in dentistry are summarized. Finally, Part 5 relates the possibility of clinical application of LIPUS in orthodontics. The present review brings out better understanding of the bioeffect of LIPUS therapy on orofacial tissues which is essential to the successful integration of management remedies for tissue regeneration/engineering. To develop an evidence-based approach to clinical management and treatment of orofacial degenerative diseases using LIPUS, we would like to be in full pursuit of LIPUS biotherapy. Still, there are many challenges for this relatively new strategy, but the up to date achievements using it promises to go far beyond the present possibilities.

Effect of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on Tooth Movement and Root Resorption: A Prospective Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Corticotomy was one of the first methods introduced by Kole in 1959 by cutting the alveolar bone around the teeth [38]. LIPUS is an emerging dental technique for accelerating tooth movement, and it has been used in the medical field as a diagnostic, operative, and therapeutic tool for over five decades [27].…”

“…The frequency of these waves is above the limit of human hearing. Ultrasound has been used in medicine in surgical operation, therapeutic application, and diagnostic [27,28]. It has also been reported that LIPUS accelerates normal fracture repair when applied daily for a period of three weeks when applied for 15 to 20 min per day with intensity between 30 to 50 mW/cm 2 [29].…”

LIPUS inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors and promoted the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hPDLCs by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway

“…In our study, according to Nakao's study and our previous study, the duration of LIPUS stimulation for investigating the inhibitory effect was 2 hours. In addition, according to Tanaka and coworkers’ literature review, for improving osteogenic differentiation in dentofacial tissue engineering, LIPUS treatment from 20 minutes per day to 40 minutes per day was recommended . In addition, when exploring whether LIPUS stimulation could inhibit inflammatory factor secretion and improve hPDLCs osteogenic differentiation, we have conducted many studies concerning LIPUS consecutive stimulation, and 20 to 30 minutes per day improved hPDLC osteogenic differentiation and periodontal tissue regeneration .…”

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances Angiogenesis and Ameliorates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…8 LIPUS is also used for the treatment of patients with several diseases in orthopedics, dentistry, and brain stimulation. [9][10][11][12][13] However, it remains to be examined what molecular mechanisms are involved in the LIPUS-induced beneficial effects.…”