Low Intensity Exercise Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Potential

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether 12 days of low-to-moderate exercise training at low altitude (598 m a.s.l.) improves skeletal muscle regeneration in sedentary adult women.Methods: Satellite cells were obtained from the vastus lateralis skeletal muscle of seven women before and after this exercise training at low altitude. They were investigated for differentiation aspects, superoxide anion production, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial potential variation after a depolarizing insult, intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations, and micro (mi)RNA expression (miR-1, miR-133, miR-206).Results: In these myogenic populations of adult stem cells, those obtained after exercise training, showed increased Fusion Index and intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations. This exercise training also generally reduced superoxide anion production in cells (by 12-67%), although not in two women, where there was an increase of ∼15% along with a reduced superoxide dismutase activity. miRNA expression showed an exercise-induced epigenetic transcription profile that was specific according to the reduced or increased superoxide anion production of the cells.Conclusions: The present study shows that low-to-moderate exercise training at low altitude improves the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in adult women. The differentiation of cells was favored by increased intracellular calcium concentration and increased the fusion index. This low-to-moderate training at low altitude also depicted the epigenetic signature of cells.

Effects of aerobic and inspiratory training on skeletal muscle microRNA‐1 and downstream‐associated pathways in patients with heart failure

“…In skeletal muscle, AET reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism and improves the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation . Moreover, there are data supporting the notion that AET can increase and/or decrease skeletal muscle myomiRs and, in consequence, alter skeletal muscle phenotype in cardiovascular diseases …”

“…3,5,26,27 Moreover, there are data supporting the notion that AET can increase and/or decrease skeletal muscle myomiRs and, in consequence, alter skeletal muscle phenotype in cardiovascular diseases. [28][29][30][31][32] Previous studies show that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) decreases sympathetic nerve activity and improves muscle blood flow and functional capacity in patients with HFrEF. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] However, the effects of IMT on skeletal muscle myopathy in patients with HFrEF remain unknown.…”

Novel Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardioprotective Factors in Myocardial Infarction

“…It was shown that miR-1 and miR-133 expression significantly increased in marathon athletes after exercise (Gomes et al, 2014). However, another study demonstrated that miR-1 and miR-133 expression was significantly downregulated after exercise (Pietrangelo et al, 2015). These paradoxical results may be attributed to individual variations and differences in exercise duration.…”

The role of physical activity in counteracting age-related sarcopenia and cancer cachexia: A brief literature review

“…Reactive oxygen species are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen with an unpaired electron and this conformation gives them the possibility to interact with different other molecules (28). These molecules are considered regulators of cellular functions during inflammatory response, but an over-accumulation beyond a certain threshold, can have different detrimental effects (29). ROS activity can last for days in absence of an adequate antioxidant response and these species can move outside the cell and react with other tissues provoking oxidative stress (30).…”