Low intake of calcium, folate, nicotinic acid, vitamin E, retinol, β-carotene and high intake of pantothenic acid, biotin and riboflavin are significantly associated with increased genome instability—results from a dietary intake and micronucleus index survey in South Australia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary intake, determined using a food frequency questionnaire, and genome damage in lymphocytes measured using the micronucleus (MN) assay. The study, performed on 190 healthy individuals (mean age 47.8 years, 46% males), also examined whether a supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamins C and E along with zinc (ACEZn), in a randomized trial for 6 months, improves genome stability. Multivariate analysis of baseline data showed that (1) the highest tertile of intake of vitamin E, retinol, folic acid, nicotinic acid (preformed) and calcium is associated with significant reductions in MN frequency, i.e. -28, -31, -33, -46 and -49%, respectively (P < 0.005) relative to the lowest tertile of intake and (2) the highest tertile of intake of riboflavin, pantothenic acid and biotin was associated with significant increases in MN frequency, i.e. +36% (P = 0.054), +51% (P = 0.021), and +65% (P = 0.001), respectively, relative to the lowest tertile of intake. Mid-tertile beta-carotene intake was associated with an 18% reduction in MN frequency (P = 0.038); however, the highest tertile of intake (>6400 microg/day) resulted in an 18% increment in MN frequency. Supplementation with ACEZn significantly reduced the MN index by 13% (P = 0.038). The study also showed interactive additive effects such as the protective effect of increased calcium intake (-46%) and the exacerbating effect of riboflavin (+42%) on increased genome damage caused by low folate intake. The results from this study illustrate the strong impact of a wide variety of micronutrients and their interactions on genome health, depending on the level of intake.

Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay

“…For normal peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured under optimal conditions using the protocol described above, one can usually expect the following ranges of values MNi frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes measured using the CBMN Cyt assay increases with age and tends to be higher in females relative to males by a factor of approximately 1.4 owing to the random loss of the inactive X chromosome, which may lag at anaphase as a result of defective centromere or kinetochore function 6,13,65,46 . The frequency of the biomarkers in the CBMN Cyt assay may vary in their extent and relative to each other depending on the genotoxic and cytotoxic mechanism of specific chemicals, radiation type and nutrient deficiency at different doses.…”

“…This provides the opportunity to test, using the same system, the extent to which the in vitro test is predictive of in vivo genotoxic events. The adoption of the CBMN Cyt assay by the pharmaceutical industry 57,58,63 , its application in human biomonitoring of genotoxic exposures 24,60,61 and its increasing application in preventive medicine and nutrition 62,64,65 [66][67][68][69][70][71] .…”

Telómeros Y Calidad De La Dieta: Una Revision Sistematica

“…La nicotinamida modula la función de proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo del ácido nucleico, la reparación del ADN y el mantenimiento de la integridad del cromosoma (91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96). La incidencia de micronúcleos en linfocitos, que es un indicador de la inestabilidad genómica, está inversamente relacionada con la ingestión dietética de nicotinamida (97). La nicotinamida podría influir en la longitud del telómero a través de múltiples mecanismos que implican la estabilidad del ADN y la regulación de la longitud de los telómeros a través de la función de la poli ADP-ribosa (54).…”

“…En sujetos con deficiencia de vitamina A, la suplementación reduce la concentración plasmática del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y aumenta la concentración de la citocina antiinflamatoria interleucina-10 (99). La suplementación con vitamina A más allá de los requerimientos de la dieta, como podría ser el caso en los individuos que toman multivitaminas, no parece tener un efecto dosis-dependiente en la longitud de los telómeros (97).…”

Niacin requirements for genomic stability

“…Fenech surveyed a population in Australia and found that leukocyte micronuclei were higher in people with low status in several micronutrients, including niacin [61]. Pilots with a lower intake of niacin from foods were found to have an increased frequency of leukocyte chromosomal translocations, suggesting that niacin status is important in responding to cosmic radiation [62].…”