Low-Input Tree Breeding Strategies

Lindgren, D.; Wei, R. P.; Xu, Daping

doi:10.1142/9789812704504_0013

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The genetic diversity of these populations was assessed using simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers, an unusual early step that yielded excellent information on population structure, diversity and inbreeding that has since guided conservation and breeding-strategy development. The strategy should be low-input sensu Lindgren (2003), with recurrent selection for general combining ability (RS-GCA), which is the strategy used in most forest tree genetic improvement programs (White et al 2007). A low-input strategy is appropriate given the financial and human resources likely to be available and given the scale of planting, which is expected to increase steadily if it is to underpin industry development (Thomson et al 2020) in the next two decades.…”

Section: Breeding Strategy Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestication provides the key to conservation ofSantalum yasi– a threatened Pacific sandalwood

Bush

Thomson

Bolatolu³

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

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Santalum yasi is a high-value hemiparasitic tree endemic to Fiji, Niue and Tonga. It has been overexploited for its oil-yielding heartwood and is now threatened. Remaining stands lack genetic diversity and are likely to be suffering from inbreeding depression, although the species still has significant genetic diversity overall. We argue that the best way to conserve this species is through an active domestication program that will adequately sample and conserve the genetic base in ex situ and circa situm plantings. The approach to S. yasi tree-breeding can be characterised as a low-input strategy involving the early use of molecular markers for population parameter determination. Longterm success will have strong interdependent links with the conservation of the remaining genetic resources. A strategy based on recurrent selection and breeding for key traits-including heartwood volume and oil yield per year, oil quality and environmental adaptability related to cyclone resistance and the tolerance of pests and diseases-is recommended. The establishment of genetic conservation stands based on collections of the species throughout its natural range in Fiji and Tonga has commenced. Challenges associated with the conservation and domestication of S. yasi are discussed. These include the advanced age required before oil characterisation can be undertaken; the need to assess genotype-host-plant interactions; and the need for comparatively sophisticated equipment and destructive harvesting to carry out oil assessments. Capacity development of professional staff in the Pacific Islands is an additional prerequisite for implementing an effective strategy. Research into the variation and heritability of heartwood formation and oil characteristics, and a better understanding of the breeding biology of S. yasi and geneflow between it and exotic Indian sandalwood (S. album), are high priorities. It will be more than a decade-probably around 20 years-before S. yasi individuals in planned, well-designed trial plantings have sufficient heartwood development to enable oil-trait assessment. Establishment of such trials is an immediate priority. In addition to this long-term activity, we recommend a simple interim strategy that promotes high genetic diversity of seedling-based planting stock. This can be implemented using a combination of gene conservation stands, progeny trials that can be culled to seedling seed orchards, and genetically diverse community-based seed stands. The strategy will both provide a safeguard against the further loss of diversity and promote wide outcrossing. Releasing fragmented populations from inbreeding depression is expected to increase general vigour.

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Section: Breeding Strategy Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestication provides the key to conservation ofSantalum yasi– a threatened Pacific sandalwood

Bush

Thomson

Bolatolu³

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

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“…The application of molecular biology technologies in tree improvement can be classi ed into two approaches [12,48], including association between target traits and markers, such as the genetic dissection or genomic selection, and enhancing tree improvement e ciency using DNA markers, which includes pedigree reconstruction analysis [51,52]. The development of the DNA markers with high resolutions increases the usefulness of the pedigree reconstruction [53].…”

Section: Pedigree Reconstruction Of Individuals In the L Kaempferi Plantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedigree Reconstruction and Spatial Analysis for Genetic Testing and Selection In A Larix Kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière Plantation

kyungmi

Kim

Kang

2021

Preprint

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Background: Larix kaempferi is one of the major timber species in Northeast Asia. Demand for the reforestation of the species is rising in South Korea due to an increase in large timber production and utilization. However, progeny trials for the species have not been explored, making it challenging to foster advanced generations of tree improvement. In the present study, genetic testing and selection for diameter growth were conducted using pedigree reconstruction and phenotypic spatial distribution analysis in a plantation of L. kaempferi. The aim of the present study was to select the superior larch individuals using the pedigree reconstruction and phenotypic spatial distribution to substitute progeny trials. The plantation of seed orchard crops was established in 1990 and one-hundred and eighty-eight trees were selected as the study material. Genetic variation was investigated first to validate its adequacy as breeding material. Genetic testing was carried out using a model considering pedigree information and spatial autoregression of the phenotypes. The major environmental effects on growth were assessed to understand the site characteristics where the breeding materials were located.Results: The expected heterozygosity of the mother trees and offspring were 0.672 and 0.681 presenting the corresponding level of genetic variation between two groups. The pedigree reconstruction using maternity analysis assigned one to six progenies to ninety-two candidate mothers. The accuracy of genetic testing was exceedingly increased with the animal model considering AR1⊗AR1 structure compared to the animal model only. The estimated genetic variance of the former was 9.086 whereas that of the latter was 4.9E-5. The predicted breeding values of the offspring were ranged from -5.937 to 5.655 and the estimated heritability of diameter growth was 0.344. Shifts in the effects of the factors were detected using geographically weighted regression analysis, which provided information on the post-sectioning of the plantation. Conclusions: The genetic testing approach based on pedigree reconstruction and phenotypic spatial distribution analysis was considered a useful analytical scheme that could replace or supplement progeny trials. Subdivision of the plantation as blocks of the progeny testing was accomplished a posteriori based on the changes of the environmental effects.

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“…Being an outcrossed species, teak harbours a major portion of diversity within the population and high intensity clonal selections do not capture it adequately (NICODEMUS et al, 2005). Abundant seed production with adequate diversity is best achieved with low input breeding options like Seed Production Areas (SPA) (LINDGREN and WEI, 2007). SPAs are developed by converting plantations through rigorous thinning and account for a major share of improved seed in India.…”

Section: Implications For Establishing and Managing Seed Production Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Fertility Variation in Clonal Seed Orchards of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and its Impact on Seed Crop

et al. 2009

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Fertility variation was studied in two clonal seed orchards (CSO) of teak in four consecutive years (2003-2006). Both orchards were raised in 1976 with grafts of phenotypes selected for growth and form. The seed orchards of CSO I (Topslip, Tamil Nadu State) and CSO II (Walayar, Kerala State) have 15 and 20 clones, respectively, with 13 common clones. The proportion of flowering ramets was generally low ranging from 16 to 53% across years. The best fruit yield during the study period was around 18 kg ha-1 in CSO I and 17 kg ha-1 in CSO II. Highly significant clonal variation and clone by year and clone by site interactions were observed for fertility traits. The clonal contribution was more skewed in poor flowering years than in abundant flowering years and in CSO II than in CSO I. Broad sense heritability for flower and fruit production per tree was low to moderate (0.16 to 0.55). Flower and fruit production by individual ramets in successive years were positively correlated. Correlations between reproductive and growth traits were generally low, but correlation was strong between flowering and fruiting. Fertility variation and group coancestry were higher in poor flowering years than in abundant years and in CSO II than CSO I. Restricting seed collection to abundant flowering years, adjusting ramet number to balance contribution of clones and mixing of seeds from successive years are suggested to reduce relatedness among orchard progeny. The usefulness of low input breeding options for teak like seed production areas are also discussed.

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Low-Input Tree Breeding Strategies

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Domestication provides the key to conservation ofSantalum yasi– a threatened Pacific sandalwood

Domestication provides the key to conservation ofSantalum yasi– a threatened Pacific sandalwood

Pedigree Reconstruction and Spatial Analysis for Genetic Testing and Selection In A Larix Kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière Plantation

Annual Fertility Variation in Clonal Seed Orchards of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and its Impact on Seed Crop

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