Low-Impact Development Practices to Mitigate Climate Change Effects on Urban Stormwater Runoff: Case Study of New York City

Understanding clogging mechanisms in permeable pavements can help optimize the required maintenance regime. In this review paper, methods for investigating clogging mechanisms are described. These include surface infiltration methods, the use of embedded sensors, and the development of modelling tools. Previously conducted surface infiltration tests indicate the importance of the age of a permeable pavement system and also local climatic conditions, including rainfall intensity. The results indicate that porous concrete generally has the highest infiltration capacity and this is followed by permeable interlocking concrete pavement and then porous asphalt. The measured infiltration rates decreased significantly even within two years of installation. There was an indirect relationship between surface infiltration rates and the age of the pavements. It was also found that the rainfall characteristics are important in selecting the type of pavement. Sensor technologies have been used mainly in the United States and there has been a reluctance to use such technologies in other parts of the world. Few studies have been conducted into modelling the changing performance of permeable pavement systems over time and there is a need to develop more general models. Various methods and machinery have been developed for cleaning and maintaining permeable pavements and there is no universally preferred approach currently available. Indeed, several of the commonly used maintenance methods have been shown to be relatively ineffective.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Permeable Pavement Clogging Investigations and Recommended Maintenance Regimes

Razzaghmanesh

Beecham

2018

“…SWMM5 tracks the quantity of generated flow in each sub watershed, as well as flow rate and flow depth in each channel during the simulation period. SWMM5.1 is also used to quantify the performance benefits of LID practices [30].…”

Section: Hydrologic Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that three numbers such as (4600, 5600 and 3) are entered the area of each unit (AoEU) values; values used to combine scenarios will be (4600, 4900 and 5400). Similarly, (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) was used as the percentage of initially saturated (PoIS), (30,70) was used as the percentage of impervious area treated (PoIAT). Then, (20,24) was applied as the number of units (NoU), and (0, 10) was used as the surface width per unit (SWPU).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysis For Lid Planning Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Design and Planning Specification of Low Impact Development Practices Using Water Management Analysis Module (WMAM): Case of Malaysia

Ahmed

Chung

Song

et al. 2017

Developers are increasingly looking for the best management practices to reduce the risk of floods in rapidly growing urban areas. Low impact development (LID) is regarded as one of the most suitable solutions for urban stormwater management and thus the U.S. EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency) SWMM5.1 (Storm Water Management Model) added the hydrological simulation function for LID structures in 2009. However, SWMM5.1 cannot consider the optimal or best physical specifications of LID design and planning fitted to a study area, nor can it instantly derive the best combination for multiple LID designs and plans. Therefore, in this study, a web-based decision support system (DSS) for the EPA's SWMM 5.1, referred to as the Water Management Analysis Module (WMAM) is used to decide the most effective specifications of design and planning parameters for LID structure. This study was carried out over an urban catchment of University Technology Malaysia campus located in Johor, Malaysia. The hydrologic cycles with and without LID were simulated using EPA SWMM5.1. The sensitivity analysis and multiple scenario analysis were performed using WMAM. As a result, the effective specification of LID design parameters indicates that peak flow is reduced to 20.95% and 17.5% for two sub-catchments, S1 (highest by area) and S6 (lowest by area) by installing an LID structure. Thus, this study provides a tool for the best solution for what values for physical parameters will be the best for a specified LID type and what capacities can achieve the particular objectives using WMAM.

“…Najjar et al [3] found that, in the mid-Atlantic region, precipitation magnitude and intensity, CO 2 concentrations, sea level, and water temperatures are likely to increase by the end of the 21st century. These predicted increases in rainfall magnitude and intensity could cause infrastructure failures due to increased runoff volumes and rates [4][5][6][7], overwhelming systems designed for much less. Limited studies using design storms and intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves have been conducted to assess the relative impact of CC on stormwater infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Water Quantity and Quality in an Urban Watershed Using a Calibrated Stormwater Model

Alamdari

Sample

Steinberg³

et al. 2017

Assessing climate change (CC) impacts on urban watersheds is difficult due to differences in model spatial and temporal scales, making prediction of hydrologic restoration a challenge. A methodology was developed using an autocalibration tool to calibrate a previously developed Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of Difficult Run in Fairfax, Virginia. Calibration was assisted by use of multi-objective optimization. Results showed a good agreement between simulated and observed data. Simulations of CC for the 2041-2068 period were developed using dynamically downscaled North American Regional CC Assessment Program models. Washoff loads were used to simulate water quality, and a method was developed to estimate treatment performed in stormwater control measures (SCMs) to assess water quality impacts from CC. CC simulations indicated that annual runoff volume would increase by 6.5%, while total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus would increase by 7.6%, 7.1%, and 8.1%, respectively. The simulations also indicated that within season variability would increase by a larger percentage. Treatment practices (e.g., bioswale) that were intended to mitigate the negative effects of urban development will need to deal with additional runoff volumes and nutrient loads from CC to achieve the required water quality goals.