Low-head high specific speed Kaplan turbine for small hydropower – design, CFD loss analysis and basic, cavitation and runaway investigations: A case study

Krzemianowski, Zbigniew; Kaniecki, Maciej

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116558

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This versatility extends to various applications, from large-scale electricity generation and industrial heating to residential and commercial heating and cooling, making solar thermal energy an invaluable asset across different sectors. Moreover, its operation is characterized by a minimal environmental impact, producing no greenhouse gas emissions or pollutants, thereby offering a sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources [116][117][118].…”

Section: Green Energy Technologies: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Energy Technologies: A Key Driver in Carbon Emission Reduction

Wenten,

Khoiruddin,

Siagian

2024

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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This paper explores the vital role of green energy technologies in mitigating carbon emissions and advancing sustainable energy transition. It emphasizes the significance of green energy in reducing the carbon footprint, delves into the environmental consequences of carbon emissions, and analyzes the mechanisms through which green energy contributes to carbon reduction. This paper discusses technological advancements across various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wave, nuclear, osmotic, and salinity-powered energy generation. It also examines emerging green energy technologies, identifies barriers to adoption, offers an Indonesian perspective, and provides recommendations for a greener energy future. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive exploration of green energy's transformative potential in combatting climate change and promoting sustainable development.

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Section: Green Energy Technologies: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Energy Technologies: A Key Driver in Carbon Emission Reduction

Wenten,

Khoiruddin,

Siagian

2024

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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“…Continuous operation of the turbine in flow ranges far from the design flow caused significant cavitation problems [28]. The phenomenon of cavitation in the turbine caused severe erosion of the blades resulting in increased operating noise, increased vibrations [29], decreased turbine performance [30], decreased power output, and high repair costs [31].…”

Section: Cavitation Problems In the Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-Speed Operation of Micro-Hydropower Plants in Irrigation Infrastructure: An Energy and Cost Analysis

Barbón,

González-González,

Bayón

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Micro-hydropower plants have now become a way to decarbonise the power generation system. Older micro-hydropower plants generally operate at a fixed speed. When there is a lack of rainfall, these plants operate outside their design flow causing various problems (such as the occurrence of the phenomenon of cavitation, decreased turbine performance, and decreased operating hours), especially in micro-hydropower plants installed in irrigation infrastructure, where the priority for water use is crops. This study aims to carry out a comparative evaluation of several indicators (cavitation, investment costs, electricity production and economic benefit) of two types of control system on an asynchronous electric generator (a fixed speed control system (scenario 1) and a variable-speed control system (scenario 2)) at the same micro-hydropower plant. The Rebolluelo micro-hydropower plant (Spain) is used for this purpose as a case study. This micro-hydropower plant uses a semi-Kaplan turbine coupled to an asynchronous electric generator through a gearbox. The results show the advantages of using a variable-speed control system. The use of variable-speed technology: (i) eliminates the possibility of cavitation, (ii) increases the power output ratio (from 35.87% to 93.03%), and (iii) increases the economic benefit (from 29.31% to 108.72%). There are also, of course, disadvantages, such as an 11.96% increase in cost. This work demonstrated the superiority of variable speed technology at micro-hydropower plants for three of the four indicators evaluated. This work could be of assistance when making decisions regarding future micro-hydropower plant installations.

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“…Over the years, especially in developed countries, the most economically favorable sites have been intensively exploited, and new applications are increasingly tailored to resources with low and very low heads [3,4]. In this context, the tubular axial turbine (TAT) assumes a fundamental role, particularly in mini and micro hydropower applications [5,6]. However, the economic sustainability requires simplified mechanical and manufacturing solutions, although preserving, as much as possible, reliability and conversion efficiency [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Distributor and Rotor Single Regulation Strategies for Low Head Mini Hydraulic Turbines

Barsi,

Satta,

Ubaldi

et al. 2024

Energies

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Tubular axial turbines (TATs) play a crucial role in mini and micro hydropower setups that require simplified yet reliable solutions. In very low head scenarios, single regulation in TATs is common, due to economic impracticality of the sophisticated mechanisms involved in the conjugate distributor–rotor regulation typical of the Kaplan turbines. Distributor or rotor single regulation strategies offer operation flexibility, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Stator regulation is simpler, while rotor regulation is more complex but offers potential efficiency gains. The present paper analyzes energy losses associated with these regulation strategies using two approaches: 1D mean line turbomachinery equations and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The 1D mean line approach is used for understanding the conceptual fluid dynamic aspects involved in the two different regulation approaches, thereby identifying the loss-generation mechanisms in off-design operation. Fully 3D CFD simulations allow for quantifying and deeply explaining the differences in the hydraulic efficiencies of the two regulation strategies. Attention is focused on the two main loss contributions: residual tangential kinetic energy at the rotor outlet and entropy generation. Rotor regulation, even if more complex, provides better results than distributor regulation in terms of both effectiveness (larger flow rate sensitivity to stagger angle variation) and turbine operating efficiency (lower off-design losses).

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Low-head high specific speed Kaplan turbine for small hydropower – design, CFD loss analysis and basic, cavitation and runaway investigations: A case study

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Green Energy Technologies: A Key Driver in Carbon Emission Reduction

Green Energy Technologies: A Key Driver in Carbon Emission Reduction

Variable-Speed Operation of Micro-Hydropower Plants in Irrigation Infrastructure: An Energy and Cost Analysis

A Comparative Analysis of Distributor and Rotor Single Regulation Strategies for Low Head Mini Hydraulic Turbines

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