Low GWP alternatives to HFC-245fa in Organic Rankine Cycles for low temperature heat recovery: HCFO-1233zd-E and HFO-1336mzz-Z

Experimental study of an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) and analysis of R1233zd-E as a drop-in replacement for R245fa for low temperature heat utilization

“…This is caused by a higher power output of the Scroll when using R1233zd-E for low mass-flow rates. This observation is in good agreement with the simulative results of Mol es et al [5], who also stated a higher power output for R1233zd-E for equal mass-flow rates. However, they did not consider the volumeflow dependent filling factor, leading to decreasing power output at high mass-flow rates.…”

“…Luo et al [11] developed an approach to find high-performance and low GWP fluids depending on the heat source characteristic. They stated, that R1234yf and R1234ze rank under the best fluids for low-grade heat between 120 C and 150 C. Mol es et al [5] provided a numerical comparison between R245fa, R1233zd-E and R1336mzz-Z in a ORC application. They investigated a standard and a recuperated cycle design for varying evaporation temperature, condensation temperature and degree of superheating but supplying a constant heat rate to the evaporator.…”

“…The HFO (hydrofluoroolefins), to which R1233zd-E belongs, are one promising group of these new working fluids. Considering the HFO, possible low GWP alternatives for R245fa are R1233zd-E and R1336mzz-Z (also known as DR-2) [5], while R134a can possibly be replaced by the HFO R1234yf or R1234ze [6]. The replacement possibility is supported by similar thermodynamic properties, nontoxicity, non-or mild flammability and thermal stability.…”

“…Lately, several simulations based on these fluids have been published [7,4,5,8,9], which have also been enforced by the availability of thermodynamic properties in database software such as REFPROP [10]. Brown [7] investigated eight HFO from a fundamental point of view concerning thermodynamic and transport property data of those fluids.…”

Thermodynamic analysis of a combined organic Rankine cycle and vapor compression cycle system activated with low temperature heat sources using low GWP fluids

“…HFO-1336mzz(Z), also known as DR-2, is a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) with a GWP of 2 [21] and zero ODP [24,25]. Mol es et al [26] computed attractive performance of ORC systems using HCFO1233zd(E) or HFO-1336mzz(Z) as the working fluids for low temperature heat recovery. They also found that cycle efficiency was benefitted substantially by the use of a recuperator.…”