Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma with abdominal pain, a stuffy nose, hearing loss, and multiple cavity effusion: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare, low-grade, malignant tumor and is mainly composed of myofibroblasts with varying degrees of differentiation. LGMS results in considerable diagnostic difficulty. We report a case of LGMS that occurred in multiple organs, including the diaphragmatic pleura, and head and neck region. A 34-year-old man was hospitalized in 2014 after coughing and shortness of breath for 10 days, and abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and bilateral lower extremity edema for 4 days. Before this admission, he had an abdominal tumor diagnosed in 1994 and 2003, a nasopharynx tumor in 2010, and a temporal lobe tumor in 2013. All tumors were resected surgically and the diagnosis was atypical fibrous histiocytoma and atypical fibrous xanthoma. Before surgeries for these tumors, no positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) or whole-body scans were performed, and after surgery, there was no follow-up. After thoracoscopy and PET-CT after the most recent admission, the patient was diagnosed with LGMS with metastasis to the bone, nodes, and thoracic and abdominal cavities. The patient was discharged with albumin infusion treatment. Although LGMS is rare, it is potentially serious. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of such disease and make an early diagnosis and perform close follow-up.

Case report: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma resembling lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT

“…The research findings demonstrate that complete surgical resection of the lesion is the most effective treatment for LGMS and generally has a promising prognosis ( 14 ), but LGMS is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy ( 9 ). In our study, however, the patient was elder and had extensive lesions, so his body could not tolerate surgery and he chose chemotherapy.…”

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the proximal femur: A case report and literature review

“…It should be noted that one of the patients had LGMS which occurred in multiple organs, including the diaphragmatic pleura and head and neck region. [ 46 ] The case was counted into Head&neck group and Trunk group, respectively. In addition, several new primary sites of LGMS have been reported in recent years, including limbus, [ 51 ] orbit, [ 52 , 58 ] and multiorgan.…”

“…In addition, several new primary sites of LGMS have been reported in recent years, including limbus, [ 51 ] orbit, [ 52 , 58 ] and multiorgan. [ 46 ]…”

“…In addition, several new primary sites of LGMS have been reported in recent years, including limbus, [51] orbit, [52,58] and multiorgan. [46] LGMS was reported to be prone to local recurrence rather than distant metastasis. [4] And the data we collected support this conclusion.…”

Primary low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma: A rare case report of this tumor in the orbit and literature review

“…9 LGMS can be confused with nodular fasciitis because of their morphological similarity and overlapping immunophenotype. 10 Histopathology, LGMS should be distinguished from nodular fasciitis, leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), and aggressive fibromatosis et al 11 Leiomyosarcoma is typically arranged in alternating fascicles of fusiform cells that have longitudinally fibrillary cytoplasm and cigar-shaped vesicular nuclei with paranuclear vacuolation. These cells usually express h-caldesmon, desmin, and SMA.…”