Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity

Thomas, D. E.; Elliott, Elizabeth J; Baur, Louise A.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005105.pub2

Cited by 279 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although some clinical intervention studies observed a beneficial effect of reducing dietary GI and GL on weight loss, 8,12 others did not. [9][10][11] Few long-term cohort studies among free-living populations have been conducted to explore associations between GI or GL and weight change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 A recent Cochrane Review of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has concluded that, over the intervention period of 5 weeks to 6 months, low GI and GL diets are more effective in promoting body fat loss (B1 kg more) than the comparison diets. 8 However, this conclusion has not been consistently confirmed by RCTs published thereafter. [9][10][11][12] Short duration, difficulties in adhering to the prescribed diets, and a high dropout rate are well-known drawbacks of clinical intervention studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women

Bakel

Slimani

et al. 2009

Int J Obes

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Objectives: To investigate whether dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) were associated with subsequent weight and waist circumference change. Design: Population-based prospective cohort study. Setting: Five European countries, which are Denmark, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Participants: A total of 89 432 participants, aged 20-78 years (mean ¼ 53 years) at baseline and followed for 1.9-12.5 years (mean ¼ 6.5 years). All participants were free of self-reported cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at baseline. Methods: Glycaemic index and GL were calculated on the basis of dietary intake assessed by food frequency questionnaires and by using a GI table developed for this study with published GI values as the main sources. Anthropometric data were collected both at baseline and at the end of follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted in each centre and randomeffect meta-analyses were used to combine the effects. Adjustment was made for baseline anthropometrics, demographic and lifestyle factors, follow-up duration and other dietary factors. Results: Mean GI and GL were 57 and 134, respectively. Associations of GI and GL with subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference were heterogeneous across centres. Overall, with every 10-unit higher in GI, weight increased by 34 g per year (95% confidence interval (CI): À47, 115) and waist circumference increased by 0.19 cm per year (95% CI: 0.11, 0.27). With every 50-unit higher in GL, weight increased by 10 g per year (95% CI: À65, 85) and waist circumference increased by 0.06 cm per year (95% CI: À0.01, 0.13). Conclusions: Our findings do not support an effect of GI or GL on weight change. The positively significant association between GI, not GL, and subsequent gain in waist circumference may imply a beneficial role of lower GI diets in the prevention of abdominal obesity. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding given the small effect observed in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women

Bakel

Slimani

et al. 2009

Int J Obes

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“…With respect to weight management, energy is most salient. However, there is evidence that other dietary variables, such as glycaemic index or glycaemic load, may also impact weight (10,11) . Increased intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a reduction in visceral adipose tissue specifically (12) .…”

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confidence: 99%

A cost comparison of more and less nutritious food choices in US supermarkets

Katz

Doughty

Njike

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study directly compared prices of more and less nutritious foods within given categories in US supermarkets. Design: Foods selected from six supermarkets in Jackson County were categorized using the five criteria of the Nutrition Detectives TM (ND) programme and an item-to-item cost comparison was made using posted prices. The nutritional quality of foods was distinguished using the clues of the ND nutrition education programme for elementary-school children and validated using the Overall Nutritional Quality Index.

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“…A review of several ad libitum studies has concluded that low-GI-CHO v. high-GI-CHO diets eaten ad libitum result in a lower body weight (3) . This conclusion is also borne out by a systematic review, which has demonstrated an impact on body weight with the introduction of a low-GI diet (4) .…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Two recent systematic reviews have been conducted in this area (3,4) . They have examined the world literature in the case of effects on energy homeostasis in both 'short-term' studies (duration of 1 d) and 'long-term' studies (several days or weeks duration).…”

Section: Glycaemic Index and Satietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic index, appetite and body weight

Ford

Frost

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Much interest has been focused on the relationship between glycaemic index and body-weight loss, some of which is fuelled by popular media. However, there is a number of potential mechanisms that could be triggered by reducing the glycaemic index of the carbohydrate consumed in the diet. For example, the effect of foods on the gastrointestinal tract and the effect on blood glucose both could lead to potential appetite effects. Acute meal studies seem to point to an effect of glycaemic index on appetite regulation. However, the results of longerterm studies of weight loss are not as clear. In the present review a possible reason for this variation in outcome from the weight-loss studies will be discussed. The present review focuses on the possibility that the fermentable fibre content of the low-glycaemic-index diet may be important in weight-loss efficacy. A novel receptor that binds SCFA, the products of carbohydrate fermentation, has recently been described on the enteroendocrine L-cell in the colon. This cell releases a number of anorectic hormones and could offer an explanation of the appetite suppressant effects of fermentable carbohydrates. It could also explain the variability in the results of glycaemic-index weight-loss studies.

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Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity

Cited by 279 publications

References 43 publications

Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women

Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in European men and women

A cost comparison of more and less nutritious food choices in US supermarkets

Glycaemic index, appetite and body weight

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