Low-Fusing Porcelain Glaze Application on 3Y-TZP Surfaces can Enhance Zirconia-Porcelain Adhesion

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess whether surface treatment improves zirconia-porcelain adhesion. The 3Y-TZP blocks were cut into squares, then polished and sintered. The zirconia surface treatments were performed as follows: no treatment (C); tribochemical silica coating (TBS); glaze application + hydrofluoric acid etching (GA); glaze application + hydrofluoric acid etching + silanization (GAS); deposition of silica nanofilm (NF). After treatments, veneering porcelain cylinders (3.3 x 3.3 mm) were built up on all specimens and fired. Then the specimens were subjected to thermal cycling (6000 cycles), and subjected to shear test. Fractures were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Data were statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Zirconia-porcelain bond strength was affected by the ceramic surface treatments (p=0.0001). GA (19.5±3 MPa) and GAS (16.2±4 MPa) recorded the highest bond strength values, while control group had the lowest bond value (10.1±4 MPa). Adhesive failure of the samples predominated. Therefore, glaze application as 3Y-TZP treatment before veneering porcelain stratification may enhance zirconia-porcelain adhesion.

The Effect of Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Y‐TZP and Veneer Ceramic: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…The increased demand for esthetic restorations has caused the growing use of zirconia as an infrastructure material for single fixed or multiple prostheses; however, the literature has frequently noted chipping and failure of bonding between zirconia/veneer as one of the principal faults in unsuccessful metal‐free restorations created with zirconia . This fact propelled the development of numerous studies in search of more effective surface treatments, with the objective of increasing the strength of the zirconia bond with veneering ceramic . The null hypothesis formulated in this study was rejected, since a significant difference was found for the bond strength values between the treated and untreated specimens, favorable to surface‐treated groups.…”

“…In relation to the method of specimen manufacturing, some studies did not clarify the method used. Among those that did, five studies manufactured specimens through CAD/CAM systems, one study used manual methods, with the help of carborundum discs, while others manufactured their specimens with high‐precision machines (ISOMET, MicroSlice). The size and format of the specimens varied according to the tests performed for each study.…”

“…Among the treatments, there was a preference for the performance of airborne abrasion with aluminum oxide particles of different sizes (between 30 and 125 μm), applied with different pressure values . Other studies performed a direct application of steam to a layer of silica over the zirconia surface, while others performed a laser application, plasma, or liner layer before the application of a veneer ceramic.…”

“…Cohesive type failures in the veneering ceramic were found only in the treated specimens . Adhesive failures were observed in the control group in three studies, and in four other studies for the treated group.…”

“…Different brands of Y-TZP were used for specimen manufacturing. They were: Cercon, 15,19,20 IPS e.max ZirCAD, 18,21,22 Kavo Everest ZS-Blank, 14,16 Lava Frame, 23,24 DD Bio ZW iso, 25 In-Ceram YZ, 26 Noritake Alliance Zirconia, 10 Z-CAD, 8 ZirBlank PS, 2 and Zirkonzahn. 27 Only one study 7 did not specify the brand of material used to manufacture the specimens.…”