Low frictional strength of quartz rocks at subseismic slip rates

Goldsby, D. L.; Tullis, Terry E.

doi:10.1029/2002gl015240

Cited by 252 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Field and laboratory studies have shown that pseudotachylites produced by frictional melting contribute to co-seismic weakening (Sibson, 1975;Goldsby and Tullis, 2002;Di Toro et al, 2004). The occurrence of glass textures in TCDP samples from Holes A and B clearly shows that frictional melting occurred.…”

Section: Amorphous Material/meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples

Janssen

Wirth

Wenk

et al. 2014

Journal of Structural Geology

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a b s t r a c tThe microstructures, mineralogy and chemistry of representative samples collected from the cores of the San Andreas Fault drill hole (SAFOD) and the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling project (TCDP) have been studied using optical microscopy, TEM, SEM, XRD and XRF analyses. SAFOD samples provide a transect across undeformed host rock, the fault damage zone and currently active deforming zones of the San Andreas Fault. TCDP samples are retrieved from the principal slip zone (PSZ) and from the surrounding damage zone of the Chelungpu Fault. Substantial differences exist in the clay mineralogy of SAFOD and TCDP fault gouge samples. Amorphous material has been observed in SAFOD as well as TCDP samples. In line with previous publications, we propose that melt, observed in TCDP black gouge samples, was produced by seismic slip (melt origin) whereas amorphous material in SAFOD samples was formed by comminution of grains (crush origin) rather than by melting. Dauphiné twins in quartz grains of SAFOD and TCDP samples may indicate high seismic stress. The differences in the crystallographic preferred orientation of calcite between SAFOD and TCDP samples are significant. Microstructures resulting from dissolutioneprecipitation processes were observed in both faults but are more frequently found in SAFOD samples than in TCDP fault rocks. As already described for many other fault zones clay-gouge fabrics are quite weak in SAFOD and TCDP samples. Clay-clast aggregates (CCAs), proposed to indicate frictional heating and thermal pressurization, occur in material taken from the PSZ of the Chelungpu Fault, as well as within and outside of the SAFOD deforming zones, indicating that these microstructures were formed over a wide range of slip rates.

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Section: Amorphous Material/meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples

Janssen

Wirth

Wenk

et al. 2014

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…Melosh (1996) proposed acoustic fluidization as a weakening mechanism where the vibration of gouge particles during high speed slip reduces the effective normal stress. Silica gel lubrication is proposed by Goldsby and Tullis (2002) and Di Toro et al (2004); it weakens the contacts between gouge particles. Shimamoto (2003, 2005) and Spray (2005) observed slip weakening during high slip rate sliding when melting occurred.…”

Section: Slip-weakening Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Fukuyama

Mizoguchi

2009

Int J Fract

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To reproduce the dynamic rupture process of earthquakes, the fault geometry, initial stress distribution and a frictional constitutive law on the fault are important parameters as initial and boundary conditions of the system. Here, we focus on the frictional constitutive relation on the fault. During a high-speed rupture, fault strength decreases as slip develops which can be described by a slip weakening equation. To understand the physical process of stress breakdown during the dynamic rupture of earthquakes, we investigated the friction behavior of rocks in the laboratory by direct measurements of traction evolution with slip in response to a given slip history. We employed a highspeed rotary shear apparatus introduced at National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). This apparatus has a capability of sliding with predefined variable velocities using a servo-controlled system. We used a pair of granite cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 25 mm. As an input signal, we used a regularized Yoffe function to investigate the scale dependence of fracture energy and slip weakening distance (D c ). We observed a positive correlation between D c and total slip, keeping the maximum slip velocity constant. These conditions correspond to those for earthquakes with the same stress drop and varying magnitudes. Finally, we used a

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“…One of the most important findings in such experiments is the remarkable weakening due to mechano-chemical effects by frictional heating [Tullis, 2007]. Consequently, the following mechanisms have been proposed as contributing to weaker fault strength: melting, silicagel formation, thermal decomposition, moisture absorption/ desorption, and flash heating [Tsutsumi and Shimamoto, 1997;Goldsby and Tullis, 2002;Di Toro et al, 2004;Han et al, 2007;Mizoguchi et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash weakening is limited by granular dynamics

Kuwano

Hatano

2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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[1] We measured the steady-state friction coefficient of granite over a wide range of sliding velocities and pressures. We observed considerable weakening, described well by a flash-heating theory, above the sliding velocity of 1 cm/s regardless of pressure. At higher velocities, the velocity strengthening behavior replaced the velocity weakening behavior. This strengthening at higher velocities agrees with data from numerical simulations on sheared granular matter and is therefore described in terms of energy dissipation due to the inelastic deformation of grains. We propose a unified steady-state friction law that well describes the velocity and pressure dependence of the steady-state friction coefficient. Citation: Kuwano, O., and T. Hatano (2011), Flash weakening is limited by granular dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17305,

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Low frictional strength of quartz rocks at subseismic slip rates

Cited by 252 publications

References 27 publications

Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples

Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples

Constitutive parameters for earthquake rupture dynamics based on high-velocity friction tests with variable sliprate

Flash weakening is limited by granular dynamics

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