Low Free Testosterone Predicts Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease But Not Other Causes: The Health in Men Study

Abstract

Low testosterone predicts mortality from CVD but is not associated with death from other causes. Prevention of androgen deficiency might improve cardiovascular outcomes but is unlikely to affect longevity otherwise.

A view of geriatrics through hormones. What is the relation between andropause and well-known geriatric syndromes?

“…Age related T decline has been associated with low muscle mass [33][34][35] and strength [11,14,33], impaired balance, falls and higher dependency in activities of daily living [34,36]. FT is positively related to lean mass, muscle strength and mobility [37]. T increases amino acid re-use and protein synthesis while reducing protein breakdown in the muscular tissue [37].…”

“…FT is positively related to lean mass, muscle strength and mobility [37]. T increases amino acid re-use and protein synthesis while reducing protein breakdown in the muscular tissue [37]. It also inhibits adipocyte production and promotes muscle satellite cell proliferation [37].…”

“…T increases amino acid re-use and protein synthesis while reducing protein breakdown in the muscular tissue [37]. It also inhibits adipocyte production and promotes muscle satellite cell proliferation [37]. Higher T is related to higher ghrelin which stimulates growth hormone release [37].…”

“…It also inhibits adipocyte production and promotes muscle satellite cell proliferation [37]. Higher T is related to higher ghrelin which stimulates growth hormone release [37]. Finally, an inverse relation between LH and muscle mass and strength has been described in elderly men [38].…”

“…A positive effect of TRT on muscle mass has been observed in older patients [8,20,[35][36][37]. Studies of TRT on muscle strength are less clear, most showing a positive effect [8,[35][36][37][39][40][41] but others none [20].…”