Low‐Fouling Fluoropolymers for Bioconjugation and In Vivo Tracking

Abstract

The conjugation of hydrophilic low‐fouling polymers to therapeutic molecules and particles is an effective approach to improving their aqueous stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics. Recent concerns over the immunogenicity of poly(ethylene glycol) has highlighted the importance of identifying alternative low fouling polymers. Now, a new class of synthetic water‐soluble homo‐fluoropolymers are reported with a sulfoxide side‐chain structure. The incorporation of fluorine enables direct imaging of the homopolymer by 19F MRI, negating the need for additional synthetic steps to attach an imaging moiety. These self‐reporting fluoropolymers show outstanding imaging sensitivity and remarkable hydrophilicity, and as such are a new class of low‐fouling polymer for bioconjugation and in vivo tracking.

Fluorinated PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Encapsulation and 19F NMR Detection

“…[12] For these reasons, covalentf unctionalization of biocompatible materials with suitable fluorinated ligands [13] can be an interesting strategy to produce efficient drugn anocarriers also detectable by 19 FNMR. [14] Critical to the development of an effective 19 FNMR probe is to facilitate the mobility of the fluorinated chains, in order to achieve the necessary transverser elaxation time (T 2 )f or ag ood signal image. [15] In this sense, the use of short and branchedf luorinated ligandsi sp referable to the counterpartl inear chains, also in terms of biodistribution and bioaccumulation.…”

Fluorinated Polymer Zwitterions: Choline Phosphates and Phosphorylcholines

“…Like hydrophilic polymers, fluorinated polymers tend toward nonfouling surface properties, but for reasons associated with surface energy rather than hydrophilicity. , Using fluorinated polymers in water is of interest biologically for 19 F magnetic resonance imaging ( 19 F MRI) contrast agents (CAs), though aggregation of the fluorinated units in water is problematic due to depletion of the signal. Recent activity along these lines is highlighted by the preparation of water-soluble fluorinated sulfoxide polymers, as well as fluorinated poly­(2-oxazoline) with favorable MRI contrast properties. − Perfluorocarbons, such as perfluorobutane (PFB) and perfluoro- n -octyl bromide (PFOB), are commonly used as CAs for 19 F MRI and ultrasound imaging. Encapsulation of perfluorocarbons as the oil phase in emulsions requires small molecule or polymer surfactants, some of the most interesting of which are themselves fluorinated amphiphilic polymers. − Moreover, fluorinated polymers are used as antifouling coatings with low surface energies that promote foulant release …”

“…Like hydrophilic polymers, fluorinated polymers tend toward nonfouling surface properties, but for reasons associated with surface energy rather than hydrophilicity. 11,18 Using fluorinated polymers in water is of interest biologically for 19 sulfoxide polymers, as well as fluorinated poly(2-oxazoline) with favorable MRI contrast properties. 19−21 Perfluorocarbons, such as perfluorobutane (PFB) and perfluoro-n-octyl bromide (PFOB), are commonly used as CAs for 19 F MRI and ultrasound imaging.…”

“…11,18 Using fluorinated polymers in water is of interest biologically for 19 sulfoxide polymers, as well as fluorinated poly(2-oxazoline) with favorable MRI contrast properties. 19−21 Perfluorocarbons, such as perfluorobutane (PFB) and perfluoro-n-octyl bromide (PFOB), are commonly used as CAs for 19 F MRI and ultrasound imaging. Encapsulation of perfluorocarbons as the oil phase in emulsions requires small molecule or polymer surfactants, some of the most interesting of which are themselves fluorinated amphiphilic polymers.…”

Ultra-stable all-solid-state sodium-metal batteries enabled by perfluoropolyether-based electrolytes

“…Finally, all-solid-state Na-metal batteries based on uorinated SPE composites show promising rate capability and long-term stability, allowing over 900 S1. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Fig. 1a illustrates the chemical structures of PFPE polymer (EO10-PFPE) and control polymer (EO10-CTRL).…”