Low-Fouling, Biospecific Films Prepared by the Continuous Assembly of Polymers

Abstract

We report that the continuous assembly of polymers (CAP) approach, mediated by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), is a facile and versatile technology to prepare engineered nanocoatings for various biomedical applications. Low-fouling coatings on particles were obtained by the formation of multicompositional, layered films via simple and efficient tandem CAP(ROMP) processes that are analogous to chain extension reactions. In addition, the CAP(ROMP) approach allows for the efficient postfunctionalization of the CAP films with bioactive moieties via cross-metathesis reactions between the surface-immobilized catalysts and symmetrical alkene derivatives. The combined features of the CAP(ROMP) approach (i.e., versatile polymer selection and facile functionalization) allow for the fabrication and surface modification of various types of polymer films, including those with intrinsic protein-repellent properties and selective protein recognition capabilities. This study highlights the various types of advanced coatings and materials that the CAP approach can be used to generate, which may be useful for biomedical applications.

Functional and Well‐Defined β‐Sheet‐Assembled Porous Spherical Shells by Surface‐Guided Peptide Formation

“…( Figure A,C). This result is expected as the HSA protein would foul the shells' surface via H‐bonding and/or nonspecific hydrophobic interactions . In contrast, the adsorption of HSA488 on PVal shells that were previously PEGylated through noncovalent conjugation of PEG647 was significantly reduced (normalized FI of 9.3 ± 0.3 a.u.…”

Continuous assembly of polymers via solid phase reactions

“…Our previous studies have so far centered on building functional and compositionally complex (multilayered) lms on planar and particle substrates where lm cross-linking solely occurs in the solution state. 33,34 However, limited success was attained in assembling lms from polymers with high molecular weights and rigid conformations. 35 Herein, we broaden the scope of the CAP technique by developing solid state CAP (ssCAP).…”

“…An attractive feature of CAP ROMP lms is the ability to resume lm growth or layer extension via so-called 'reinitiation' 24,33,34 steps. The unreacted pendent norbornene groups from the macrocross-linker in CAP ROMP lms serve as new initiating sites through post-functionalization with Ru catalysts, enabling the resumption of lm growth via additional CAP ROMP reactions.…”

Fabrication of Chiral Stationary Phases via Continuous Assembly of Polymers for Resolution of Enantiomers by Liquid Chromatography

“…Herein, the viability of the continuous assembly of polymers (CAP) approach to produce CSPs with engineered features is investigated. The CAP approach utilizes controlled polymerization methodologies to mediate the continuous growth of macrocross‐linkers – (bio)macromolecules functionalized with pendent polymerizable moieties – from initiator‐functionalized surfaces to form surface‐confined, cross‐linked films in a single‐step . As the CAP films are cross‐linked, the resulting CSPs are expected to be robust towards a wide range of HPLC eluents.…”