Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

Yadav, Vijayshree; Marracci, Gail; Kim, Edward; Spain, Rebecca; Cameron, Michelle; Overs, Shannon; Riddehough, Andrew; Li, David K.B.; McDougall, John; Lovera, Jesús; Murchison, Charles; Bourdette, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.001

Cited by 119 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, data from a trial where people with MS were randomized to a low fat (15%) diet with omega-3 supplementation for one year reported a 70% adherence [34]. Another similar trial found that after accounting for drop-out, approximately 70% adhered to the recommendations (20% or less of calories from fat at least 80% of the time) during the 1 year study [35]. Plow et al [36] interviewed eight people with MS who had mobility impairment to assess barriers to nutritional behaviors.…”

Section: Diet and Omega-3 Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding barriers, enablers, and long-term adherence to a health behavior intervention in people with multiple sclerosis

Barnard

Brown

Weiland

et al. 2018

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Background: The optimal management strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS), and many other chronic diseases, likely involves health behavior modification. Multimodal behavioral interventions may be most effective, but little is known about long-term adherence in people with MS. Methods: This qualitative study assessed barriers and enablers to long-term adherence by people with MS who self-selected for a 5-day health behavior intervention 3-5 years prior. Thirteen women and five men participated in semi-structured phone interviews, which were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Results: The experience was described as useful for information gathering, decision making, and practical strategies regarding health behaviors. The majority still followed supplementation and dietary recommendations most of the time, although consuming non-recommended food while eating out was common. Support at home, ability and enjoyment in food preparation, and ability to resist unhealthy foods were both barriers and enablers. Adherence to "time-consuming" exercise and meditation recommendations were less common and episodic. Many reported competing interests on time from work and family; and barriers including injuries and symptoms, weather, financial or geographical barriers, and lack of personcentred support and motivation. Increased fitness and mobility, weight loss, and a sense of accomplishment and control were advantages and motivators. Practical and attitudinal strategies employed included planning, tailoring activities to ability and preference, and self-monitoring. Conclusion: While most people attempted to engage with all components of the intervention initially, only some still engaged with all components, and none to the recommended levels. These data can inform future quantitative studies and health behavior interventions. ä IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION A multimodal group lifestyle intervention may be useful to assist people with multiple sclerosis in information gathering, decision making, attitudinal changes, and practical strategies regarding health behaviors; as well as providing a sense of hope for the future and control over wellbeing. While participants are unlikely to engage with all components of a multimodal intervention to the recommended level, they are likely to make improvements to one or more health behaviors. Experiential learning, including going through recipes and ingredient lists, and practicing meditation and physical exercises, is helpful to instigate behavior change. The initiation and maintenance of behavior change was assisted by support from family, friends, and health practitioners; and practical strategies employed by participants, including planning, self-monitoring, and tailoring activities to ability and preference ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Diet and Omega-3 Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding barriers, enablers, and long-term adherence to a health behavior intervention in people with multiple sclerosis

Barnard

Brown

Weiland

et al. 2018

Disability and Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Small diet intervention trials have not shown any effect of low‐fat diet on relapse rate or MRI activity, but have suggested a possible benefit on fatigue . Trials of omega‐3 supplementation have not shown any effect on disease activity .…”

Section: Cause Versus Course – Are the Risk Factors Different?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review

Waubant

Lucas

Mowry

et al. 2019

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

186

152

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Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a chronic dysregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from complex interactions between genetic predispositions, infectious exposures, and factors that lead to pro‐inflammatory states, including smoking, obesity, and low sun exposure. This is supported by the discovery of gene–environment (GxE) interactions and epigenetic alterations triggered by environmental exposures in individuals with particular genetic make‐ups. It is notable that several of these pro‐inflammatory factors have not emerged as strong prognostic indicators. Biological processes at play during the relapsing phase of the disease may result from initial inflammatory‐mediated injury, while risk factors for the later phase of MS, which is weighted toward neurodegeneration, are not yet well defined. This integrated review of current evidence guides recommendations for clinical practice and highlights research gaps.

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“…When 19 individuals followed this diet for a year, there was an average decrease in Fatigue Severity Score of 2.2 on a nine-point scale (Bisht et al, 2014). Other recently published dietary interventions include the MacDougal diet and an anti-inflammatory diet proposed by Riccio have demonstrated similarly encouraging results (Riccio et al, 2016; Yadav et al, 2016). The caveat to these studies is the small samples sizes and lack of true placebo groups.…”

Section: Nursing Science Exemplar: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biological determinants of health: Genes, microbes, and metabolism exemplars of nursing science

et al. 2017

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Increasingly, nurse scientists are incorporating ‘omics’ measures (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in studies of biologic determinants of health and behavior. The role of ’omics’ in nursing science can be conceptualized in several ways: a) as a portfolio of biological measures (biomarkers) to monitor individual risk; b) as a set of combined data elements that can generate new knowledge based on large and complex patient data sets; c) as baseline information that promotes health education and potentially personalized interventions; and d) as a platform to understand how environmental parameters (e.g., diet) interact with the individual’s physiology. In this paper we provide exemplars of nursing scientists who use omics to better understand chronic pain vulnerability, risk for a pain-related condition, cardiometabolic complications associated with pregnancy, and as biomarkers of response to a dietary intervention. In addition, we describe challenges and opportunities for nurse scientists who consider using omics in their research.

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Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 119 publications

References 33 publications

Understanding barriers, enablers, and long-term adherence to a health behavior intervention in people with multiple sclerosis

Understanding barriers, enablers, and long-term adherence to a health behavior intervention in people with multiple sclerosis

Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review

Biological determinants of health: Genes, microbes, and metabolism exemplars of nursing science

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