Low energy stopping powers of some heavy ions in gold

Empirical stopping power tables for ions from 3Li to 18Ar and from 0.001 to 1000MeV/nucleon in solids and gases

“…A shows S rel for O ions in solid targets versus the specific energy E 1 =A 1 (where A 1 is the mass number of the projectile). The figure shows many points lying very close to each other, and also some apparently discrepant points: between 0.7 and 2.2 MeV, Au data (due to [12]) appear too high, while Au data by other authors in the same energy region appear reasonable [5]; the same is true for the Au data below 0.03 MeV due to [13]. These data and a few others were rejected, i.e., omitted from further consideration (see Table 2 of [14]).…”

“…N 0-0.01 Data in Ni, Cu, Ag by [31] (IDSA method) appear high since they extrapolate to a finite value at zero energy. Ne 0-0.01 Data in Au by [13] appear low (note that other data by [13] had to be rejected, see Table 2 of [14]). Ne 0.1-1 Data in C by [32] are high, while data in Ag by [33] are low compared to other data.…”

“…Table A shows the results for elemental condensed targets, calculated using modes c and d. Every entry corresponds to an average D (calculated with constant weights) and to its standard deviation 13 r. We interpret the average D as the systematic error describing the goodness of the fit, and the standard deviation r as the random error describing the accuracy of the data. A small D points to a good representation of the data, provided r is also small.…”

Effective stopping charges and stopping power calculations for heavy ions

“…The dashed curves are obtained from TRIM90, TRIM92, TRIM95 [24] and HU90 [43]. The letters are the experimental data taken from Sa91 [57], Se60 [70], Wr79 [28], Ay82 [58], Ku 88 [54], Po61a [26], Ta83 [68], Ab91 [59], Ant91 [60], Ab93 [51], Pt76 [71], Tp62 [69], and Nd77 [56].…”

“…The dashed lines are obtained from TRIM90, TRIM92, TRIM95 [24] computer code and HU90 [43]. The letters are the experimental data taken from Po61a [26], Wr79 [28], Wr72 [45], Sa92 [29], Ab93 [51], BG65 [32], Sk86 [52], Ga87 [33], Am68 [53], Bt66 [49], Bi90 [39], Ku88 [54], Sk90 [55], Sd74 [50], Bi78 [48] and Nd77 [56]. Figure 1.…”