Low‐Energy Nuclear Reactions: Transmutations

Srinivasan, M.; Miley, George H.; Storms, Edmund

doi:10.1002/9781118043493.ch43

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Early reports by Ohmura, Mizuno et al 1,2 were followed in the 2000s by works by Iwamura et al [3][4][5] , Celani et al 6,7 ; for a comprehensive bibliography see 8 . In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Deuterium Production from Titanium Hydride Powders Subjected to Thermal Cycles

Gamberale,

Modanese

2024

Preprint

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An extensive multi-year experimental study was conducted to investigate the potential production of deuterium from titanium hydride (TiHx) powders subjected to specific thermal cycles. The results reveal an anomaly in the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratios. Mass spectrometry analyses show an increase in deuterium abundance, with three independent methods confirming the excess deuterium. This study was motivated by theoretical predictions suggesting the generation of slow neutrons within metal hydrides when exposed to coherent excitations. Our findings align with direct measurements of neutron emission by TiHx powders under cavitation in liquid water, as recently published by Fomitchev-Zamilov.

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“…Early reports by Ohmura, Mizuno et al 1,2 were followed in the 2000s by works by Iwamura et al [3][4][5] , Celani et al 6,7 ; for a comprehensive bibliography see 8 . In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Deuterium Production from Titanium Hydride Powders Subjected to Thermal Cycles

Gamberale,

Modanese

2024

Preprint

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“…Two groups have so far pursued theoretical explanations for the anomalies in fracture experiments: Cardone et al [23,37,38] based their approach on a model involving deformed spacetime; and Widom et al [39][40][41][42] have proposed that collective phenomena in condensed matter can produce energetic electrons capable of inducing nuclear disintegration. Our focus has in recent years been on the development of a theoretical model for anomalies (including elemental anomalies) in condensed matter nuclear science; here we consider the possibility of accounting for the elemental anomalies in fracture experiments in terms of the associated theoretical picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalies in fracture experiments, and energy exchange between vibrations and nuclei

Hagelstein

Chaudhary

2014

Meccanica

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A variety of anomalies have been reported in recent years in fracture experiments, including neutron emission, elemental anomalies, and alpha emission. Such anomalies are similar to those studied in condensed matter nuclear science, which has been of interest to us in the development of theoretical models. In this work a brief review of the new theoretical approach is given, along with connections to both anomalies in fracture experiments and anomalies in other experiments. The fracture anomalies in this picture arise naturally as a result of the relevativistic interaction between vibrations and internal nuclear degrees of freedom, and up-conversion of vibrational quanta. A major conclusion of this work is that the elemental anomalies cannot be accounted for by disintegration as an incoherent process; since the observed products show a high degree of selectivity, while disintegration is very much non-selective. The possibility of disintegration as a coherent quantum process is introduced, and a suggestions for new experiments and measurements are put forth that can help to clarify underlying mechanisms.

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“…Most information comes from the use of deuterium because this isotope is most studied. In addition, many different nuclear reactions, including tritium formation (Storms 2007) and transmutation (Srinivasan et al 2011) are observed. Although important, these are "side issues" to heat production because they have not been found to occur at a rate sufficient to make detectable power.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efforts to explain low-energy nuclear reactions

Storms¹

2013

Naturwissenschaften

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The phenomenon called "cold fusion" or "low-energy nuclear reaction" (Storms 2007) has now reached a stage when explanations are attracting attention. The major experimental work was summarized by Storms in 2010(Storms 2010. Now, Krivit has cited "errors" in this review which he believes might guide an explanation in the wrong direction. He notes that heat, detected using light hydrogen and when transmutation occurred, was frequently overlooked in this review. In addition, in his opinion, the claim for d + d = 4He being the major source of heat is not supported by the cited evidence.Because the conclusion reached by Krivit (2013) is a direct challenge to what Storms (2010) reviewed in the cited paper, a summary of the evidence is required. Although many studies resulting in heat production using deuterium did not attempt to measure helium, over 16 independent studies using numerous samples found that helium was present when energy production was detected and some measurements found no helium when no extra energy was detected. Three independent studies measured the energy/He ratio, which can be summarized as 25± 5 MeV/He. All other known reactions that produce helium result in less energy/helium atom. For example, the proposed reaction of 6 3 Li+2n=2He + e − produces only 13.4 MeV/He. Readers must decide for themselves if this is enough evidence to go forward in search for an explanation based on helium as the major nuclear product before additional studies are made. All isotopes of hydrogen, presumably, are involved in the cold fusion process. Most information comes from the use of deuterium because this isotope is most studied. In addition, many different nuclear reactions, including tritium formation (Storms 2007) and transmutation (Srinivasan et al. 2011) are observed. Although important, these are "side issues" to heat production because they have not been found to occur at a rate sufficient to make detectable power. Recent use of H 2 + Ni to generate large power begs the question of how protons might generate energy by fusion or how transmutation of nickel might be the source. Proposed explanations have been published (Storms 2013) but are too complex to discuss here. Although changes in isotopic ratio are occasionally reported and elements not previously detected are found after power is made, none of these observations have a quantitative relationship to power production.In conclusion, numerous efforts to find an explanation are underway and are being tested. The phenomenon has novel features, it is not in conflict with any law of nature, and it is not caused by the well-known mechanism that produces hot fusion. An explanation must at least be consistent with laws known to apply to a chemical system and it must explain all observed behavior. Most explanations fail these two requirements and many others. A new window into understanding nuclear interaction has opened and must be explored using the best information available, which the review under discussion attempted to provide.

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Low‐Energy Nuclear Reactions: Transmutations

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

An Experimental Study on Deuterium Production from Titanium Hydride Powders Subjected to Thermal Cycles

An Experimental Study on Deuterium Production from Titanium Hydride Powders Subjected to Thermal Cycles

Anomalies in fracture experiments, and energy exchange between vibrations and nuclei

Efforts to explain low-energy nuclear reactions

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