Low-energy <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si0010.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.25em"/><mml:mi>keV</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> electron ionization and recombination model for a liquid argon detector

Foxe, Michael; Hagmann, C.; Jovanovic, Igor; Bernstein, Adam; Kazkaz, K.; Mozin, Vladimir; Pereverzev, Sergey; Sangiorgio, S.; Sørensen, P.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.10.055

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, as the electron extraction field was changed in the experiment, the extent of recombination suppression in this above-EG region also changed, resulting a fielddependent background in the EEE study. For the lower energy L-shell 37 Ar decays, this effect was not observed, possibly because the recombination probability was negligible at all fields due to the extremely low ionization densities, as predicted by first-principal simulations in liquid argon [44]. Energey spectra of 37 Ar events measured at 6.0 kV/cm extraction field in the LF run.…”

Section: B 37 Ar Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

Pereverzev

Lenardo

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. D

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Dual-phase xenon detectors are widely used in dark matter direct detection experiments, and have demonstrated the highest sensitivities to a variety of dark matter interactions. However, a key component of the dual-phase detector technology-the efficiency of charge extraction from liquid xenon into gas-has not been well characterized. In this paper, we report a new measurement of the electron extraction efficiency (EEE) in a small xenon detector using two mono-energetic decay features of 37 Ar. By achieving stable operation at very high voltages, we measured the EEE values at the highest extraction electric field strength reported to date. For the first time, an apparent saturation of the EEE is observed over a large range of electric field; between 7.5 kV/cm and 10.4 kV/cm extraction field in the liquid xenon the EEE stays stable at the level of 1%(kV/cm) −1 . In the context of electron transport models developed for xenon, we discuss how the observed saturation may help calibrate this relative EEE measurement to the absolute EEE values. In addition, we present the implications of this result not only to current and future xenon-based dark matter searches, but also to xenon-based searches for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatters.

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Section: B 37 Ar Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

Pereverzev

Lenardo

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. D

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“…Typically these chambers operate with electric field strengths of less than 500 kV cm -1 . Foxe et al [80] have measured the energy distribution of the electrons ionized by high energy particles in liquid argon, and have shown that the majority of the ionized electrons have energies below 1 eV.…”

Section: Spatio-temporal Relaxation Of Electrons In Liquid Argonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-term solution of the space–time Boltzmann equation for electrons in gases and liquids

Boyle

Tattersall

Cocks

et al. 2017

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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In a recent paper [1] the scattering and transport of excess electrons in liquid argon in the hydrodynamic regime was investigated, generalizing the seminal works of Lekner and Cohen [2, 3] with modern scattering theory techniques and kinetic theory. In this paper, the discussion is extended to the non-hydrodynamic regime through the development of a full multi-term space-time solution of Boltzmann's equation for electron transport in gases and liquids using a novel operator-splitting method. A Green's function formalism is considered that enables flexible adaptation to various experimental systems. The spatio-temporal evolution of electrons in liquids in the hydrodynamic regime is studied for a benchmark model Percus-Yevick liquid as well as for liquid argon. The temporal evolution of Franck-Hertz oscillations are observed for liquids, with striking differences in the spatio-temporal development of the velocity distribution function components between the uncorrelated gas and true liquid approximations in argon. Transport properties calculated from the non-hydrodynamic theory in the long time limit, and under steady-state Townsend conditions, are benchmarked against hydrodynamic transport coefficients. arXiv:1509.00867v1 [physics.comp-ph] 31 Aug 2015

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“…The Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) incorporates a semi-empirical physical model of the generation of scintillation photons and ionization electrons from recoiling particles in liquid xenon [5][6][7]. In both argon [8] and helium [9], it is possible to calculate excitation and ionization in recoil cascades from first principles using measurements of the relevant interaction cross-sections. In xenon these cross sections have never been measured or calculated, rendering such predictions impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Analysis of Light and Charge Yields in Liquid Xenon

Lenardo

Kazkaz

Manalaysay

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

103

138

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Abstract-We present an updated model of light and charge yields from nuclear recoils in liquid xenon with a simultaneously constrained parameter set. A global analysis is performed using measurements of electron and photon yields compiled from all available historical data, as well as measurements of the ratio of the two. These data sweep over energies from 1 -300 keV and external applied electric fields from 0 -4060 V/cm. The model is constrained by constructing global cost functions and using a simulated annealing algorithm and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to optimize and find confidence intervals on all free parameters in the model. This analysis contrasts with previous work in that we do not unnecessarily exclude data sets nor impose artificially conservative assumptions, do not use spline functions, and reduce the number of parameters used in NEST v0.98. We report our results and the calculated best-fit charge and light yields. These quantities are crucial to understanding the response of liquid xenon detectors in the energy regime important for rare event searches such as the direct detection of dark matter particles.

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Low-energy (<10keV) electron ionization and recombination model for a liquid argon detector

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

A multi-term solution of the space–time Boltzmann equation for electrons in gases and liquids

A Global Analysis of Light and Charge Yields in Liquid Xenon

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