“…Previous studies (e.g., Angelopoulos et al, 2008;Baker et al, 1996) suggest that some energetic particle injections result from earthward moving plasma (e.g., plasma bubbles or dipolarizing flux bundles) associated with a sharp enhancement in the z component of the magnetic field (i.e., dipolarization or dipolarization front). However, the nature of the geometry of this electric field pulse in the magnetotail remains unknown as different models have yielded widely different results, spanning from highly localized in MLT (e.g., Gabrielse et al, 2016;Gabrielse et al, 2017) to encompassing much of the plasma sheet (e.g., Ganushkina et al, 2014). However, the nature of the geometry of this electric field pulse in the magnetotail remains unknown as different models have yielded widely different results, spanning from highly localized in MLT (e.g., Gabrielse et al, 2016;Gabrielse et al, 2017) to encompassing much of the plasma sheet (e.g., Ganushkina et al, 2014).…”